Bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep in older adults: a multilevel analysis using polysomnography

Abstract

Although recent studies have examined the bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep parameters, few have focused on older adults utilizing objective assessments, such as polysomnography. This micro-longitudinal observational study included 92 Japanese older adults (aged 65–86 years) who underwent objective evaluations of sleep quality using polysomnography and completed subjective sleep-related questionnaires. Activity levels were assessed using an accelerometer. Polysomnography, subjective sleep-related questionnaires, and accelerometer were administered for 7 consecutive days. Multilevel models (participant-, day-level) were used to examine the temporal associations of objective and subjective sleep parameters with sedentary behavior and physical activity. In the day-level analysis, higher levels of sedentary behavior during daytime were associated with longer rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, shorter REM latency, lower levels of non-REM sleep (stage N3), and reduced delta power during daytime. Higher levels of low-intensity physical activity during daytime were associated with lower levels of REM sleep, longer REM latency, and increased stage N3 sleep in the day-level analysis. Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with increased REM latency. Longer subjective sleep time was associated with increased next-day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Thus, low-intensity physical activity may provide objective benefits related to deep sleep parameters in older adults.

Validation of sleep-staging accuracy for an in-home sleep electroencephalography device: A comparison with simultaneous polysomnography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

“…Although the sensitivity of N1 and N3 in determining sleep stage was low, the agreement was generally high; hence, there is a possibility of home measurements in the future with a portable EEG device. Third, drawing on our earlier studies [14,15], patients with OSA exhibited reduced N2 sleep and increased N1 sleep (there might have been a misinterpretation of N1 and N2) (Figs. 1a and 1b), even when their AHI was not greater than 100 [26].…”

“…1 and Table 2). In this study, apnea was categorized using the AHI as mild (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) in 20 patients (25.9%), moderate (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) in 17 patients (22.1%), and severe (> 30) in 34 patients (44.1%). Six patients (7.9%) were suspected of having apnea during screening; however, they had an AHI of < 5.…”

“…However, the use of electrodes and other components in existing type II-IV PSGs remains complex, prompting the need for the development of portable electroencephalography (EEG) devices that patients can easily wear to screen for conditions such as OSA [5]. A portable EEG device that integrates electrodes, which is simpler than PSG, has been used in studies involving healthy middle-aged and/or older adults [14,15]. The advantage of this device is that although it has a smaller number of electrodes than the existing PSGs, a variety of channels can be generated by combining montages, and its accuracy improved with less number of electrodes [14] (Supplementary Figure S1).…”

Exposure to a more unhealthy diet impacts sleep microstructure during normal sleep and recovery sleep: A randomized trial

“…Our study cannot establish night-to-night temporal dynamics in the onset of the observed diet-dependent changes. Most participants were habitually quite physically active, and their training status may potentially have masked some diet-dependent effects on sleep [33]. Larger studies are warranted to explore potential interindividual mediation by, for example, weight status, dietary and physical activity habits, genetics, and potential interactions with gut microbiome-induced signaling [25,34,35].…”

Meal Timing and Sleeping Energy Metabolism

“…However, low correlations between objective and subjective assessments of sleep quality have been reported [ 39 , 40 ]. In addition, skilled personnel are needed to install polysomnography electrodes, though it should be noted that polysomnographic recording of sleep at home has become possible [ 41 ]. Although beneficial effects of time-restricted eating on sleep were not reported, no adverse effects on sleep were found.…”