Bidirectional Counting of Single Electrons

Fujisawa, Toshimasa; Hayashi, Toshiaki; Tomita, Ritsuya; Hirayama, Y.

doi:10.1126/science.1126788

Cited by 368 publications

(466 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The counting statistics of electrons through quantum dots has recently raised considerable theoretical [38,39,40,41,42] as well as experimental [27,43,44,45,46] interest. The single electrons entering and exiting a quantum dot connected to two leads can be measured.…”

Section: Entropy Fluctuations For Electron Transport Trough a Sinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(59) is the generalization to open systems of the integral FT for the TEP obtained earlier for closed systems [14]. The TEP (27) needs to specify which reservoir is responsible for the transitions occurring along the trajectory (by labeling the rates with reservoir index). This point, made earlier for open system at steady state [12], is generalized here for driven systems with an arbitrary initial condition.…”

Section: Fluctuation Theorems a General Integral Fluctuation Theomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We propose to experimentally test these new FTs in a driven single orbital quantum dot where the various entropy probability distributions can be measured by the full electron counting statistics which keeps track of the four possible types of electron transfer (in and out of the dot through either lead). Such measurements of the bidirectional counting statistics have become feasible recently [27]. We calculate the entropy probability distributions, analyze their behavior as the driving is varied between the sudden and the adiabatic limits, and verify the validity of the FTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entropy fluctuation theorems in driven open systems: Application to electron counting statistics

2007

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The total entropy production generated by the dynamics of an externally driven systems exchanging energy and matter with multiple reservoirs and described by a master equation is expressed as the sum of three contributions, each corresponding to a distinct mechanism for bringing the system out of equilibrium: nonequilibrium initial conditions, external driving, and breaking of detailed balance. We derive three integral fluctuation theorems (FTs) for these contributions and show that they lead to the following universal inequality: an arbitrary nonequilibrium transformation always produces a change in the total entropy production greater or equal than the one produced if the transformation is done very slowly (adiabatically). Previously derived fluctuation theorems can be recovered as special cases. We show how these FTs can be experimentally tested by performing the counting statistics of the electrons crossing a single level quantum dot coupled to two reservoirs with externally varying chemical potentials. The entropy probability distributions are simulated for driving protocols ranging from the adiabatic to the sudden switching limit.

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Section: Entropy Fluctuations For Electron Transport Trough a Sinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluctuation Theorems a General Integral Fluctuation Theomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entropy fluctuation theorems in driven open systems: Application to electron counting statistics

2007

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“…Directional forward and reverse counting through two quantum dots in a series has been reported. 5 Spurred by this experimental progress, electron counting statistics ͑ECS͒ in nanosystems has attracted recent theoretical interest both in the noninteracting [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and the Coulomb blockade regimes. 17,18 It has been shown that strong Coulomb interactions suppress large current fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference effects in the counting statistics of electron transfers through a double quantum dot

et al. 2008

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We investigate effects of quantum interferences and Coulomb interaction on the counting statistics of electrons crossing a double quantum dot in a parallel geometry by using a generating function technique based on a quantum master equation approach. The skewness and the average residence time of electrons in the dots are shown to be the quantities most sensitive to interferences and Coulomb coupling. The joint probabilities of consecutive electron transfer processes show characteristic temporal oscillations due to interference. The steady-state fluctuation theorem that predicts a universal relation between the number of forward and backward transfer events is shown to hold even in the presence of the Coulomb coupling and interference.

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“…Our aim is to control some aspect of this process, be it the statistical properties of the current flow or the electronic states inside the device, through the establishment on a feedback loop based on the real-time detection of the electronic jumps using e.g. a quantum point contact (QPC) [6,7]. The information gained from this electron counting is processed and used to e.g.…”

Section: Measurement-based Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback Control in Quantum Transport

Emary

2016

Understanding Complex Systems

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Abstract. Quantum transport is the study of the motion of electrons through nano-scale structures small enough that quantum effects are important. In this contribution I review recent theoretical proposals to use the techniques of quantum feedback control to manipulate the properties of electron flows and states in quantum-transport devices. Quantum control strategies can be grouped into two broad classes: measurement-based control and coherent control, and both are covered here. I discuss how measurement-based techniques are capable of producing a range of effects, such as noise suppression, stabilisation of nonequillibrium quantum states and the realisation of a nano-electronic Maxwell's demon. I also describe recent results on coherent transport control and its relation to quantum networks. IntroductionFeedback control of quantum mechanical systems is a rapidly emerging topic [1,2], developed most fully in the field of quantum optics [3]. Only recently have these ideas been extended to quantum transport, a field which looks to understand and control the motion of electrons through structures on the nano-scale [4]. The aim of this contribution is to review these recent developments.Broadly speaking, quantum feedback strategies may usefully be classified into two types:• Measurement-based control, where the quantum system is subject to measurements, the classical information from which forms the basis of the feedback loop; • Coherent control, where the system, the controller and their interconnections are phase coherent such that the information flow in the feedback loop is of quantum information [5].Mirroring the situation in optics, most of the work to-date on feedback in quantum transport has been within the measurement-based paradigm. In Sec. 1.2 here, we discuss a number of different measurement-based schemes

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Bidirectional Counting of Single Electrons

Cited by 368 publications

References 27 publications

Entropy fluctuation theorems in driven open systems: Application to electron counting statistics

Entropy fluctuation theorems in driven open systems: Application to electron counting statistics

Interference effects in the counting statistics of electron transfers through a double quantum dot

Feedback Control in Quantum Transport

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