Bidirectional Rotating Turbine Hybrid Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Wave Energy Harvester for Marine Environment Monitoring

Abstract

Hydrokinetic energy, a vital renewable resource, holds promise for addressing fossil fuel shortages to ensure a sustainable future. This study proposes an efficient and stable ocean wave energy harvesting system that combines a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), an electromagnetic generator (EMG) with a planetary gear system, and a driving turbine. The turbine transforms the up‐and‐down motion in water into continuous, unidirectional rotational motion. An EMG device accelerated by a planetary gear system further ensures sustained output at very low frequencies (0.25 Hz) and boosts the upper limit of power generation at medium to high frequencies. Under water wave conditions with a 1 Hz frequency, the TENG component yields an output of up to 2200 V and 122 µA, while the average EMG output is 15 V and 80 mA. Remarkably, the entire system maintains a steady and uninterrupted output even at extremely low frequencies (0.25 Hz). The peak power outputs for the TENG and EMG components are 115 and 350 mW, respectively, with power densities of 32.55 and 329.78 W m−3, surpassing prior achievements. This research demonstrates self‐powered applications and provides an efficient method to amplify water wave forces, enhancing energy harvesting capabilities for practical marine environmental monitoring.