Bifid mandibular canals in panoramic radiographs

Langlais, Robert P.; Broadus, Robert.; Glass, Birgit Junfin

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1985.0033

Cited by 164 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…They can be grouped into different classifications, as proposed by various authors [8][9] . Chávez-Lomeli et al 10 questioned the definition of the term "bifid" assigned to the mandibular canal with variation in number, claiming there is no such division of the mandibular canal into two or more canals, but the persistence or non-fusion of embryologically defined branches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and classification of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography

Freitas¹,

Silva²,

Morais³

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Oral Sci.

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Aim: To determine the prevalence and classification of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The sample comprised 300 CBCT scans obtained from the Radiology and Imaging Department database at São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School, Campinas, SP, Brazil. All images were performed on Classic I-Cat® CBCT scanner, with standardized voxel at 0.25 mm and 13 cm FOV (field of view). From an axial slice (0.25 mm) a guiding plane was drawn along the alveolar ridge in order to obtain a cross-section. Results: Among 300 patients, 188 (62.7%) were female and 112 (37.3%) were male, aged between 13 to 87 years. Changes in the mandibular canal were observed in 90 patients, 30.0% of the sample, 51 women (56.7%) and 39 men (43.3%). Regarding affected sides, 32.2% were on the right and 24.5% on the left, with 43.3% bilateral cases. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, a prevalence of 30% of bifid mandibular canals was found, with the most prevalent types classified as B (mesial direction) and bilateral.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and classification of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography

Freitas¹,

Silva²,

Morais³

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Oral Sci.

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“…In this area, a RMC may be present and emerge through the retromolar foramen 4,5 . The RMC presents morphological and morphometric variability 6 , including a posterior concavity 7 as well as straight RMC 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of mandibular retromolar canals on cone beam computed tomography and its clinical repercussions

Freitas

Silva

Júnior

2017

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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ResumoIntrodução: O conhecimento da morfologia normal da mandíbula humana e suas possíveis variações anatômicas, que ocorrem, são de fundamental importância na prática odontológica, especialmente nas áreas da cirurgia e implantodontia. A região retromolar é delimitada pela margem anterior do ramo da mandibular, crista temporal e face distal do último molar inferior. Nessa área pode ser observado o canal retromolar que pode emergir pelo forame retromolar. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a ocorrência de canais retromolares em exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico e relaciona-la com suas possíveis repercussões clínicas. Material e método: Foram selecionadas 300 imagens de TCFC provenientes do Departamento de Radiologia da Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic. O presente estudo foi do tipo observacional descritivo e todas as imagens foram processadas e trabalhadas no software XoranCat  do próprio equipamento. Resultado: Dos 300 exames de TCFC analisados, os canais mandibulares eram únicos em 210 (70,0%). Nos demais 90 casos constatou-se a presença alterações anatômicas no canal mandibular, indicando que a taxa de prevalência dessa condição na amostra foi de 30,0%. A ocorrência dos canais retromolares foi observada em 15 pacientes da amostra total (5,0%), sendo 06 pacientes do gênero masculino e 09 pacientes do gênero feminino. Conclusão: Ratifica-se a importância de um minucioso conhecimento da região retromolar devido a grande prevalência de cirurgias realizadas na região posterior da mandíbula, a fim de ter previsibilidade nos planejamentos e consequentemente otimizar os procedimentos anestésicos e cirúrgicos realizados, minimizando as falhas anestésicas e os acidentes cirúrgicos.Descritores: Cirurgia; anatomia; mandíbula. AbstractIntroduction: Knowledge on the normal morphology of the human mandible and its possible anatomical variations are of fundamental importance in dental practice, especially in the areas of surgery and implantodontics. The retromolar region is delimited by the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible, the temporal crest and the distal surface of the last lower molar. In this area, a retromolar canal may be observed emerging through the retromolar foramen. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of retromolar canals in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to correlate it with their possible clinical repercussions. Material and method: 300 CBCT images were selected from the Department of Radiology of the São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School. This was an observational descriptive study and all the images were processed and analyzed on XoranCat  . Result: Of the 300 CFCT scans analyzed, a single mandibular canal was observed in 210 (70.0%). In the remaining 90 cases, anatomical changes were observed relating to this canal, indicating that the prevalence of this condition in this sample was 30%. The prevalence of retromolar canals was observed in 15 patients (5.0%), of which 06 were in males and 09 in females. Conclusion: The importance of a full ...

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“…There are various classifications for bifid mandibular canals proposed by different authors such as Langlais et al, [5] Nortjé et al, [8] and Naitoh et al [14] In the present study, Langlais et al, classification was utilized to designate the type of bifid mandibular canal since it was the most cited classification system in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Initially, published studies by Lara et al, [1] Langlais et al, [5] Nortjé et al, [8] Sanchis et al, [9] and Singh et al [10] using panoramic radiograph on bifid mandibular canal reported the prevalence of 5%, 1%, 1%, 0.35%, and 4.3%, respectively. Recent studies employed CBCT images where Rashsuren et al, [11] Yang et al, [12] and Orhan et al [13] found the prevalence as high as 22.6%, 31.1%, and 46.5%, respectively, compared to the prevalence of 5.63% found in the present study using CBCT images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of bifid mandibular canal and its relationship with third molar in Indian population: A retrospective analysis

Singh¹,

Vineeth²,

Prasad³

et al. 2018

JCRI

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Purpose:The location, configuration, and variations of mandibular canal such as bifid/ trifid/double mandibular canals play a significant role in performing surgical procedures in the mandible. The study was aimed to assess the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on CBCT images of full skull or mandible of patients, taken during the period from May 2014 to April 2016, was carried out. Images with any gross pathology involving mandible were excluded. CBCTs were examined by a single examiner for presence, type of bifid mandibular canal, and the relationship of bifid mandibular canal with the third molar. Results: A total of 408 CBCTs were examined, out of which 23 exhibited bifid mandibular canal with the prevalence of 5.63%. Type 2BC was the most common type of bifid mandibular canal. All the CBCTs showing Type 1U and 1B bifid mandibular canals, 33.3% of Type 2UC and 25% of Type 2BC bifid mandibular canals exhibited Class B relationship with the third molar. Conclusion: Suspicion of bifid mandibular canal on a screening orthopantomogram should be confirmed by CBCT. Assessment of the type of bifid mandibular canal will help in treatment planning of mandibular surgical procedures.

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Bifid mandibular canals in panoramic radiographs

Cited by 164 publications

References 10 publications

Incidence and classification of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography

Incidence and classification of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography

The prevalence of mandibular retromolar canals on cone beam computed tomography and its clinical repercussions

Prevalence of bifid mandibular canal and its relationship with third molar in Indian population: A retrospective analysis

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