Bifid ribs: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Bifid or bifurcated ribs are a rare anatomical anomaly that accounts for approximately 28% of known rib abnormalities. Bifurcation always occurs at the sternal end of the rib and its two extremities are joined to a bifid costal cartilage. The presence of bifid rib is frequently accompanied by other anomalies, although this does not necessarily imply that it cannot occur as an isolated anomaly. The clinical significance of the latter has not been established. There have not been many studies done to investigate bifid rib closely aside from individual case reports, presumably due to the condition's extremely low incidence. However the detection of bifid ribs, though mostly incidental, has been proven advantageous for an early and wellrounded diagnosis It has also revealed significant preventive benefits especially in the pediatric patient population. This review is written to provide a comprehensive summary of what is known about bifid ribs and incorporate substantial findings from clinical cases that have been reported in past literature.

Life and death in the Roman period Pula – A bioanthropological analysis of human skeletal remains from the Ozad Arene site

“…The occurrence of two bifid ribs is an interesting find. Rib anomalies are a relatively common occurrence, occurring in approximately 2% of the human population, with bifid ribs being one of the more common anatomical anomalies (Andrea et al 2016;Rajić Šikanjić et al, 2017). This anomaly probably occurs because of incomplete fusion of the sclerotomes during embryonic development (Rathinasabapathi & Perumallapalli, 2015).…”

Variações Anatômicas: o avanço da ciência no Brasil

“…Durante esses processos, anomalias costais podem aparecer, principalmente no período da quarta à sexta semana de vida fetal (ANDREA, 2016).…”

“…et al, 2019). Essas alterações são decorrentes de falhas no processo de condrificação e ossificação, seja unilateral ou bilateralmente, sendo o primeiro mais comum (ANDREA, 2016). Além disso, é usual serem assintomáticas, pois também não apresentam um quadro específico, visto que podem fazer parte de variações isoladas ou com incidência clínica.…”

Chest wall deformities detected in lung radiographs during routine health screening in young healthy male athletes training for police services duty

“…The categorization of CWDs developed by Acastello is shown in Table 1. [4,5] The majority of CWDs globally are caused by cartilaginous malformations (pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum). [1] Pectus excavatum (PE) occurs in around 1 to 10 per 1000 live births and represents 90% of CWDs.…”