Bifidobacterium adolescentis (DSM 20083) and Lactobacillus casei (Lafti L26-DSL): Probiotics Able to Block the In Vitro Adherence of Rotavirus in MA104 Cells

Abstract

Rotavirus is the leading worldwide cause of gastroenteritis in children under five years of age. Even though there are some available vaccines to prevent the disease, there are limited strategies for challenging diarrhea induced by rotavirus infection. For this reason, researchers are constantly searching for other approaches to control diarrhea by means of probiotics. In order to demonstrate the ability of some probiotic bacteria to interfere with the in vitro rotavirus infection in MA104 cells, strains of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. were tested in MA104 cells before the viral infection. As a preliminary assay, a blocking effect treatment was performed with viable bacteria. In this screening assay, four of initial ten bacteria showed a slight reduction of the viral infection (measured by percentage of infection). L. casei (Lafti L26-DSL), L. fermentum(ATCC 9338), B. adolescentis (DSM 20083), and B. bifidum (ATCC 11863) were used in further experiments. Three different treatments were tested in order to evaluate protein-based metabolites obtained from mentioned bacteria: (i) cell exposure to the protein-based metabolites before viral infection, (ii) exposure to protein-based metabolites after viral infection, and (iii) co-incubation of the virus and protein-based metabolites before viral infection to the cell culture. The best effect performed by protein-based metabolites was observed during the co-incubation assay of the virus and protein-based metabolites before adding them into the cell culture. The results showed 25 and 37% of infection in the presence of L. casei and B. adolescentis respectively. These results suggest that the antiviral effect may be occurring directly with the viral particle instead of making a blocking effect of the cellular receptors that are needed for the viral entrance.

Isolation of a Leuconostoc mesenteroides Strain With Anti-Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Activities From Kefir Grains

“…Previous studies have shown that specific probiotic bacteria bind to and inactivate rotaviruses and vesicular stomatitis viruses, which lead to blocking of the virus adsorption on the cell ( Salminen et al, 2010 ; Kanauchi et al, 2018 ). Besides the direct interaction between probiotics and viruses, specific probiotic bacteria could interact with epithelial and mucosal cells and compete with pathogens for attachment to cell receptors, thereby preventing invasion into the cells by a virus ( Fernandez-Duarte et al, 2018 ; Mousavi et al, 2018 ). In addition, specific probiotic bacteria could synthesize some antiviral metabolites, such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, or bacteriocins ( Al Kassaa et al, 2014 ).…”

Kefir: A protective dietary supplementation against viral infection

“…With regard to antiviral drugs with few side effects, several scholars have investigated if probiotic products could be used as remedies alongside antiviral agents [ [113] , [114] , [115] ]. de Andrade et al demonstrated that the ability of kefir (37.5 μg/mL) against the Zika virus occurred via suppression of the effect on epithelial cells, or by antagonism of the impact of the virus on the proliferation of T-lymphocytes [ 106 ].…”

In the Age of Viral Pandemic, Can Ingredients Inspired by Human Milk and Infant Nutrition Be Repurposed to Support the Immune System?

“…Researchers studying mechanisms of action of probiotics have focused on direct binding to the virus and inhibition of the virus attachment to the host cell receptor. In a recent in vitro study, probiotics were shown to block the adherence of rotavirus to monkey kidney cells [ 226 ]. Those researchers tested several strains of Lactobacillus spp.…”