Bifidogenic effect of grain larvae extract on serum lipid, glucose and intestinal microflora in rats

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether orally administered Korean grain larvae ethanol extract (GLE) had a bifidogenic effect in normal rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a negative control group (CO) and GLE orally administered (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 mg/100 g body weight) groups. Thymus and spleen weights dosedependently increased by 128.58 percent and 128.58 percent, respectively, but abdominal fat decreased by 19.18 percent after GLE administration compared with that in the CO group (p less than 0.05). Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose decreased by 30.26 percent, 7.33 percent, 27.20 percent, and 6.96 percent, respectively, whereas highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 129.93 percent in the GLE groups compared with those in the CO group (p less than 0.05). IgG, IgM, IgA in the GLE groups increased 203.68 percent, 181.41 percent, and 238.25 percent, respectively, compared to that in the CO group (p less than 0.05). Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus increased by 115.74 percent and 144.28 percent, whereas Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Streptococcus decreased by 17.37 percent, 17.46 percent, 21.25 percent, and 19.16 percent, respectively, in the GLE groups compared with those in the CO group (p less than 0.05). Total organic acids, acetic acid, and propionic acid increased by 151.40 percent, 188.09 percent, and 150.17 percent, whereas butyric acid and valeric acid decreased by 40.65 percent and 49.24 percent, respectively, in the GLE groups as compared with those in the CO group (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that Korean GLE improves the bifidogenic effect by increasing cecal organic acids and modulating gut microflora via a selective increase in Bifidobacterium in normal rats.

Grape seed proanthocyanidins influence gut microbiota and enteroendocrine secretions in female rats

“…40 For other types of putative prebiotics, reduction in Clostridium has been observed together with reduction in blood lipids. 41 In our experiment, reduction by GSPE of several taxa that belong to Firmicutes is accompanied with a reduction in butyrate, an energy source for colonocytes. Our results in fact show a positive correlation between butyric acid and several genera, that are reduced by GSPE (e.g.…”

Hypocholesterolaemic effect of whole-grain highland hull-less barley in rats fed a high-fat diet

“…Hepatic FXR has been proposed to play a central role in the feedback repression of the CYP7A1 gene ( 12 ) . However, the negative correlation between FXR and CYP7A1 was uncertainty ( 28 ) . Conversely, Musso et al ( 47 ) reported that FXR activates the bile acid synthesis by inducing CYP7A1.…”

“…Faeces were collected on the last 3 d of the experimental period, freeze-dried, and then milled for bile acid measurement ( 27 ) . On the last day of the experimental period, the rats were fasted overnight (12–14 h) and lightly anaesthetised with diethyl ether ( 28 ) . Their body weights were measured.…”

Functional properties of edible insects: a systematic review

“…single dose) and twenty were chronic (medium to long term) interventions. Six studies (36,(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) were conducted on animals that were not affected by particular stresses. Among these, Kim and colleagues investigated any toxic effects of a skimmed powder obtained from Zophobas atratus on specific pathogen-free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats for a 2-week repeated-dose toxicity study.…”

“…A reduced level of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), blood glucose and TG, TC and LDL was reported. Furthermore, this treatment modified the composition of caecal organic acids, increasing their total quantity and the acetic and propionic acid level, whilst reducing butyric, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric acid contents (58) .…”