Bifunctional g-C3N4/carbon nanotubes/WO3 ternary nanohybrids for photocatalytic energy and environmental applications

A Comprehensive Review on Adsorption, Photocatalytic and Chemical Degradation of Dyes and Nitro-Compounds over Different Kinds of Porous and Composite Materials

“…Compared with GO, rGO has much more promising applications due to its higher electron mobility, better optical properties, chemical stability, high conductivity, high surface area, and higher thermal stability [ 161 , 162 ]. GO/rGo can make composites using different types of metal oxides/metals and act as a good photo-catalyst for harmful organic contaminants, and are usually cast off in fuel cells, such as Fe 2 O 3 /ZnO, La/TiO 2 , CuO/TiO 2 , BiOBr, Ag/ZnO, ZnFe 2 O 4 , Ag 3 PO 4 , Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 , BaCrO 4 , CuFe 2 O 4 , W 18 O 49 , ZnO/ZnFe 2 O 4 , Cu 2 O, WO 3 , BiOI, Ag/Ag 3 PO 4 , BiVO 4 , ZnO, TiO 2 , Mn 2 O, Mn 3 O 4 , COFe 2 , Cu 2 O/SnO 2 , Bi 5 Nb 3 O 15 , ZnWO 4 , Nd/TiO 2 , SnO 2 , SnWO 4 , Bi 2 WO 6 , Ta 2 O 5 , ZnFe 2 O 4 , CdSe–TiO 2 , La2Ti 2 O 7 [ 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 ]. The incorporation of GO/rGO in the above-mentioned metals/metal oxides reduces the band gap and can efficiently reduce the recombination of generated holes and electron pairs, making the photo-catalyst more effective for photo-degradation.…”

2D/2D Z-scheme WO3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions for photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation and nitrogen fixation

“…19,20 In addition, the Z-scheme can simultaneously use the more positive valence band (VB) of one semiconductor and the more negative conduction band (CB) of the other semiconductor, so it has a stronger redox capacity than the one-component semiconductor. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) composite structures have the largest interface contact area, which is conducive to photogenerated carrier transmission. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Therefore, 2D/2D Z-scheme heterojunctions can effectively enhance the performance of WO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 photocatalysts.…”

Microwave versus conventional promoted synthesis of fuel additives using graphitic carbon nitride supported catalysts

“…21 Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is another promising example prepared from various C and N containing source like urea, melamine, thiourea, cyanamide and dicyandiamide in a single step polymerization step, 22 and characterized by a twodimensional, highly stable structure. 22 GCN nanosheets are also procient in making composites, 23 doping of various elements, 24 chemical functionalization 25 and in the synthesis of ESI. † 26 In principle, heteropoly acids (HPAs) are another class of highly active catalysts for esterication reactions, due to their high Brønsted acidity which is even greater than that of traditional mineral acids.…”

“…21 Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is another promising example prepared from various C and N containing source like urea, melamine, thiourea, cyanamide and dicyandiamide in a single step polymerization step, 22 and characterized by a two-dimensional, highly stable structure. 22 GCN nanosheets are also proficient in making composites, 23 doping of various elements, 24 chemical functionalization 25 and in the synthesis of ESI † 26.…”