Bifunctional reactive pentamethine cyanine dyes for biomedical applications

The photooxidative sensitization of bis(p-substituted diphenyl)iodonium salts in the radical polymerization of acrylates

“…The functional dyes belonging to this group possess a characteristic donor-p-acceptor (D-p-A) structure and show specic, useful properties, such as high extinction coefficients, 35 wide range of absorption and emission radiation, good affinity for biomolecules, 36 and good chemical activity. 37 For recent years, the photophysical properties of cyanine dyes were intensively studied due to their applications in different areas, such as biological imaging, 38 molecular electronics, 39 nonlinear optics, 40 and textile industry. 41 There are many commercially available coinitiators, initiating both radical and cationic polymerization.…”

Cyanine conjugates in cancer theranostics

“…Rozovsky et al contrived a series of bifunctional pentamethine cyanine scaffolds with different combinations of –OH, –NH 2 , –COOH for conjugation with drug and carrier ( Fig. 5 C) [ 33 ]. As a proof-of-concept, they synthesized four cyanine-chlorambucil conjugates and characterized their cleavage profiles in PBS pH 7.4 and cell medium pH 7.4; they found that ester bond could be readily cleaved in both conditions.…”

“…Reprinted with permission from Refs. [ 33 ]. (D) Schematic illustration of the self-assembly and cytotoxic mechanism of amphiphilic cyanine conjugate 15 (left).…”

Fluorescent Reporters for Drug Delivery Monitoring

“…The long‐wavelength, unsymmetrical pentamethine cyanines, Cy5 derivatives, absorbing and emitting at 640–690 nm and containing two non‐equivalent reactive groups selected from carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl in different combinations, were synthesized and investigated as potential “On‐Off” switchable reporters (Figure ) . Fluorescence intensity of these dyes decreases upon the drug release.…”

“…The long-wavelength, unsymmetrical pentamethine cyanines, Cy5 derivatives, absorbing and emitting at 640-690 nm and containing two non-equivalent reactive groups selected from carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl in different combinations, were synthesized and investigated as potential "On-Off" switchable reporters (Figure 11). [98] Fluorescence intensity of these dyes decreases upon the drug release. Amino and hydroxyl groups were used for binding these dyes to the anticancer DNA alkylating drug chlorambucil (CLB) via a biodegradable amide or ester linker while the second reactive functionality could be utilized for coupling to a targeting Obvious drawbacks of these conjugates are (i) poor dynamic range of the change in the fluorescence signal and (ii) insufficient water-solubility.…”