“…Sustainability is measured as the operational self-sufficiency ratio or the financial self-sufficiency ratio (Bogan, 2008) and subsidy dependent index (Manos & Yaron, 2008;Yaron, 1994). The literature reports the role of macro-economic factors (Crabb, 2008), regulatory status (Pati, 2012), asset size (Sekabira, 2013), age (Bogan, 2008), leverage ratio (Hartarska & Nadolnyak, 2007), source of funds (Bogan, 2008), cost structure (Islam, Takanashi & Natori, 2013) and governance (Hartarska & Nadolnyak, 2007) in explaining sustainability. Efficiency assesses the ability of any firm to maximize output with a given set of inputs (Masood & Ahmad, 2012).…”