Big Data in Cardiology: State-of-Art and Future Prospects

Abstract

Cardiological disorders contribute to a significant portion of the global burden of disease. Cardiology can benefit from Big Data, which are generated and released by different sources and channels, like epidemiological surveys, national registries, electronic clinical records, claims-based databases (epidemiological Big Data), wet-lab, and next-generation sequencing (molecular Big Data), smartphones, smartwatches, and other mobile devices, sensors and wearable technologies, imaging techniques (computational Big Data), non-conventional data streams such as social networks, and web queries (digital Big Data), among others. Big Data is increasingly having a more and more relevant role, being highly ubiquitous and pervasive in contemporary society and paving the way for new, unprecedented perspectives in biomedicine, including cardiology. Big Data can be a real paradigm shift that revolutionizes cardiological practice and clinical research. However, some methodological issues should be properly addressed (like recording and association biases) and some ethical issues should be considered (such as privacy). Therefore, further research in the field is warranted.

GENERATOR HEART FAILURE DataMart: An integrated framework for heart failure research

“…Key features of them are: speed, as they can be generated, processed, and analyzed in real-time; quantity, due to the richness of the data, the scale of which challenges classical storage, processing, and analysis approaches; variety, referring to the diversity of data sources (i.e. administrative, patient-reported, or healthcare-generated) veracity, concerning their quality and reliability; value, about their applicability and usability ( 15 ). By definition, big data cannot be analyzed through traditional methods, but their management must necessarily rely on AI, defined as a set of programs that allow machines to mimic human behaviour ( 16 ).…”

Identification of candidate biomarkers and mechanisms in foam cell formation from heterogeneous cellular origins via integrated transcriptome analysis

“…The discovery of new genomic paradigms in cardiovascular diseases has been accelerated by the application of recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and computational bioinformatics. These technologies are having a tremendous impact on state-of-the-art diagnostics, biomarkers, and medications in the era of precision medicine, aiming to comprehensively measure and quantify such holistic biological information in a fast and cost-effective manner ( 31 , 32 ). Microarray is one of the transcriptome measurements based on the specific hybridization of RNA transcripts to DNA probes, and it can broadly reflect the functional state of a cell or tissue via screening of its gene expression pattern, providing valuable insights into the molecular targets and pathways controlled by transcriptional regulators ( 33 ).…”

A Review of Recent Advances in Vital Signals Monitoring of Sports and Health via Flexible Wearable Sensors

“…In addition, the communication transmission distance is short, and data loss, low sampling frequency, and power consumption are too high, especially when in motion [ 1 ]. Data must be processed after transmission before it can be used [ 18 ], and it is difficult for general smart devices to support artificial intelligence algorithms. Uploading data to the cloud, with the help of offsite servers for intelligent data processing, will facilitate real-time monitoring, diagnosis, and early warning of health and exercise [ 36 , 47 , 51 , 64 ].…”

“…Advances in new materials, advanced manufacturing, and flexible electronics technologies have improved comfort, real-time, and precision and expanded the range of applications. Notably, with the help of the internet of things [ 15 , 16 ], big data technology [ 17 , 18 ], and artificial intelligence algorithm [ 19 , 20 ], the vital signals monitored via flexible wearable sensors can be used not only by the user to decrease damage during exercise, rehabilitation, and daily life, but also medical staff. In addition, the use of flexible wearable sensors reduces markedly the frequency of visiting hospital visits, saves hospitalization expenses, and effectively improves the medical experience and the allocation of medical resources.…”