“…Exemplary challenges within this lifecycle include data transmission, data integration and (pre-) processing, data mining and analysis, data modeling, and data accessibility [19,20,37,38,39,40,43,45,46,47]. Further issues arise from the inherent security and privacy concerns associated with BD [18,19,21,37,38,40,42,43,47]. The deficiencies of analytical techniques, which can be applied to different datasets, are closely related to the above-mentioned lack of BDA tools.…”