Big dreams: An analysis using central image intensity, content analysis, and word searches.

Bulkeley, Kelly; Hartmann, Ernest

doi:10.1037/a0024087

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This characteristic allows for dreams to become simulations of the real world, often involving aspects of the dreamer's life that they consider especially essential. In cases such as this, dreams are referred to as "big dreams," which are defined as rare but significant dreaming experiences that have a strong and lasting effect on the dreamer's waking life (Bulkeley & Hartmann, 2011). Dreams such as this are classified into four subcategories: (a) memorable dreams; (b) dreams that are labeled as "important" by the dreamer; (c) dreams that are labeled as "significant" by the dreamer; and (d) "impactful" dreams, which have an impact on the dreamer's life.…”

Section: Similarity Between Night Dreams and Daydreamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Functions of Imagined Interactions in Night Dreams

Eldredge

Honeycutt

White

et al. 2015

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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Imagined interactions (IIs) are a form of mental imagery and daydreaming in which people imagine conversations or other interactions with significant others. IIs serve six intrapersonal communication functions including catharsis, rehearsal, self-understanding, compensation, conflict-linkage, and relational maintenance. IIs are an important form of cognition that effects both message production and message interpretation. Daydreams and night dreams have traditionally been thought of as distinct processes, but more recently, they have been theorized as points along a continuum of consciousness. We investigated whether the functions of IIs are also served by interactive night dreams. Results reveal intriguing similarities and differences in the functions of interactive daydreams and interactive might dreams. In addition, we found these dreams had overwhelmingly negative affect as opposed to positive, neutral, or mixed affect. Results are discussed in terms of continuity theory.

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Section: Similarity Between Night Dreams and Daydreamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Functions of Imagined Interactions in Night Dreams

Eldredge

Honeycutt

White

et al. 2015

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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“…The second coding of these dreams used Hartmann's central image scheme. In a partial review of the central imagery in dreams research, Bulkeley and Hartmann (2011)…”

Section: Judges' Dream Content Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Video game play as nightmare protection: A replication and extension.

Gackenbach¹,

Darlington²,

Ferguson³

et al. 2013

Dreaming

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This inquiry is a replication and extension of a recent study with military gamers examining the thesis that playing video games might act as a type of nightmare protection. This hypothesis is based on the idea of a well-rehearsed defense due to game play, a numbing against violence, and the idea that memories in the 6 hours posttrauma are best interrupted with a visual cognitive task, like video game play. This replication was done using university students who had experienced a trauma in the past and had reported a dream associated with that trauma along with a recent dream. Controls were emotional reactivity and trauma history. We conclude that male high-end gamers seemed to be less troubled by nightmares while female high-end gamers were the most troubled by nightmares. So what differs between these two types of gamers? Three suggestions are considered: game genre, game sociability, and sex-role conflict. It seems that the nightmare protection hypothesis of video game play should be qualified to apply to male high-end gamers who play few casual games, play socially, and do not seem to experience sex-role conflict due to type of game play.

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“…On a more serious note, it would be interesting to elicit the relationship between elevator dreams (and the movement of the elevator) and major life events in dreamers keeping dream journals. Although a variety of authors (Bulkeley, 2016;Bulkeley & Hartmann, 2011;Domhoff, 2003;Hartmann, 2011;Kuiken et al, 2018;Lakoff, 1993) emphasize the idea that dreams are metaphorical depiction of waking-life issues, for example, dreams of cats/kittens that are neglected or starving as a metaphor for not attending own needs (Domhoff, 2003), systematical empirical research on that topic is still in its infancy. Cartwright et al (1969), for example, studied the frequency of penis symbols (gun, pole, knife, club, and fountain) and vagina symbols (box, corridor, and cherry) in dreams of young men after watching an erotic movie before going to sleep and found-as expected-a higher frequency of this symbolic representations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“What Goes Up Must Come Down”—Elevators in a Long Dream Series

Schredl

2020

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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Since the formulation of the continuity hypothesis in 1971, research findings have supported the thematic and emotional continuity between waking and dreaming. However, dreams that include experiences that never occurred in the dreamer’s waking life, this is, discontinuous dreams, have not been studied extensively. In a long series ( N = 11,575 dreams), elevator dreams (about 1% of the dreams) were analyzed whether they were continuous or discontinuous to the waking life of the dreamer. Although many elevator dreams are likely to reflect waking life, in over 40% of the elevator dreams the dreamer was using an elevator that showed unusual or even bizarre features, for example, elevator moving horizontally or flying, transforming into a subway, and so on. Often these dreams were associated with anxiety, and the question is whether these dreams—discontinuous on a thematic level—represent a continuity of emotions and/or are a metaphorical expression of the dreamer’s waking life situation, for example, ups and downs.

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Big dreams: An analysis using central image intensity, content analysis, and word searches.

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

On the Functions of Imagined Interactions in Night Dreams

On the Functions of Imagined Interactions in Night Dreams

Video game play as nightmare protection: A replication and extension.

“What Goes Up Must Come Down”—Elevators in a Long Dream Series

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