Big houses, big cars, superfleas and the costs of reproduction

Reznick, David N.; Nunney, Leonard; Tessier, Alan J.

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01941-8

Cited by 711 publications

(773 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similar results have been found in other studies of snails (Locher & Baur, 2000 ;Vianey-Liaud & Dussart, 2002). This is surprising since some negative correlations were expected in our study, as a result of re-allocation between fitness-associated traits (Reznick, 2000). However, when resource assimilation is genetically variable, genotypes with high assimilation rates have more resources to allocate to all aspects of their life history, and positive genetic correlations should arise (Van Noodwijk & de Jong, 1986).…”

Section: (C) Limited Mating Activitysupporting

confidence: 91%

Prior selfing and the selfing syndrome in animals: an experimental approach in the freshwater snailBiomphalaria pfeifferi

et al. 2008

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SummaryInbreeding species of hermaphroditic animals practising copulation have been characterized by few copulations, no waiting time (the time that an isolated individual waits for a partner before initiating reproduction compared with paired individuals) and limited inbreeding (self-fertilization) depression. This syndrome, which has never been fully studied before in any species, is analysed here in the highly selfing freshwater snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi. We conducted an experiment under laboratory conditions over two generations (G 1 and G 2 ) using snails sampled from two populations (100 individuals per population). G 1 individuals were either isolated or paired once a week (potentially allowing for crosses), and monitored during 29 weeks for growth, fecundity and survival. Very few copulations were observed in paired snails, and there was a positive correlation in copulatory activity (e.g. number of copulations) between the male and female sexual roles. The waiting time was either null or negative, meaning that isolated individuals initiated reproduction before paired ones. G 2 offspring did not differ in hatching rate and survival (to 28 days) between treatments, but offspring from paired individuals grew faster than those from isolated individuals. On the whole, the self-fertilization depression was extremely low in both populations. Another important result is that paired G 1 individuals began laying (selfed) eggs several weeks prior to initiating copulation : this is the first characterization of prior selfing (selfing initiated prior to any outcrossing) in a hermaphroditic animal. A significant population effect was observed on most traits studied. Our results are discussed with regard to the maintenance of low outcrossing rates in highly inbreeding species.

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Section: (C) Limited Mating Activitysupporting

confidence: 91%

Prior selfing and the selfing syndrome in animals: an experimental approach in the freshwater snailBiomphalaria pfeifferi

et al. 2008

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“…Uranium seems to be associated with a rapid life cycle that helps reduce the period of contact with the pollutant. However, for both pollutants, the reallocation of energy is performed at the expense of other traits or fitness in other environments (Hoffmann & Parsons, 1991; Reznick et al., 2000). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, when they were returned to the control environment, U, NaCl and U/NaCl populations showed lower fertility than the control populations (Figure 2), indicating adaptation costs incurred by the adaptive evolution in a polluted environment. Previous studies have also shown adaptation costs associated with evolution in response to pollutants (Jansen, Stoks, et al., 2011; Mireji et al., 2010; Shirley & Sibly, 1999; Ward & Robinson, 2005; Xie & Klerks, 2003 but see Coustau et al., 2000; Reznick et al., 2000; McCart et al., 2005; Lopes et al., 2008). Such costs limit the ability of polluted populations to deal with their new environmental conditions once the environment is depolluted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

Dutilleul

Réale

Goussen

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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Some populations quickly adapt to strong and novel selection pressures caused by anthropogenic stressors. However, this short‐term evolutionary response to novel and harsh environmental conditions may lead to adaptation costs, and evaluating these costs is important if we want to understand the evolution of resistance to anthropogenic stressors. In this experimental evolution study, we exposed Caenorhabditis elegans populations to uranium (U populations), salt (NaCl populations) and alternating uranium/salt treatments (U/NaCl populations) and to a control environment (C populations), over 22 generations. In parallel, we ran common‐garden and reciprocal‐transplant experiments to assess the adaptive costs for populations that have evolved in the different environmental conditions. Our results showed rapid evolutionary changes in life history characteristics of populations exposed to the different pollution regimes. Furthermore, adaptive costs depended on the type of pollutant: pollution‐adapted populations had lower fitness than C populations, when the populations were returned to their original environment. Fitness in uranium environments was lower for NaCl populations than for U populations. In contrast, fitness in salt environments was similar between U and NaCl populations. Moreover, fitness of U/NaCl populations showed similar or higher fitness in both the uranium and the salt environments compared to populations adapted to constant uranium or salt environments. Our results show that adaptive evolution to a particular stressor can lead to either adaptive costs or benefits once in contact with another stressor. Furthermore, we did not find any evidence that adaptation to alternating stressors was associated with additional adaption costs. This study highlights the need to incorporate adaptive cost assessments when undertaking ecological risk assessments of pollutants.

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“…Genetic experiments with nematodes suggests that genes affecting the rate of aging are not necessarily linked to fertility (Partridge and Gems 2002); while work with fruitflies has been interpreted as supportive of tradeoffs (Partridge and Gems 2002), though the data on their face demonstrate that breeding for longevity actually enhances fertility (Mitteldorf 2004). Reznick et al (2000) review evidence that longevity and fertility in water fleas appear to be independently variable. Most recently, Ricklefs and Cadena (2007) conducted a large-scale study of 18 mammalian species and 12 avian species in captivity, and found no correlation between fertility and longevity.…”

Section: Laboratory Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Female fertility and longevity

Mitteldorf

2009

AGE

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Does bearing children shorten a woman's life expectancy? Pleiotropic theories of aging predict that it should, and in particular, the Disposable Soma theory predicts unequivocally that this effect should be inescapable. But many demographic studies, historic and current, have found no such effect. In this context, the Caerphilly cohort study stands apart as the sole test that corroborates the theory. Why has this study found an effect that others fail to see? Their analysis is based on Poisson regression, a statistical technique that is accurate only if the underlying data are Poissondistributed. But the distribution of the number of children born to women in the Caerphilly database departs strongly from Poisson at the high end. This makes the result overly sensitive to a handful of women with 15 children or more who lived before 1700. When these five women are removed from a database of more than 2,900, the Poisson regression no longer shows a significant result. Bilinear regression relating life span to fertility and date of birth results in a small positive coefficient for fertility, in agreement with the main trend of reported results.

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Big houses, big cars, superfleas and the costs of reproduction

Cited by 711 publications

References 24 publications

Prior selfing and the selfing syndrome in animals: an experimental approach in the freshwater snailBiomphalaria pfeifferi

Prior selfing and the selfing syndrome in animals: an experimental approach in the freshwater snailBiomphalaria pfeifferi

Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

Female fertility and longevity

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