Big liver and spleen disease of broiler breeders

Clarke, J.K.; Allan, Gordon; Bryson, D.G.; Williams, Wayne; Todd, D.; Mackie, D.P.; McFerran, J.B.

doi:10.1080/03079459008418654

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The antigen distribution was similar to that seen in experimental infections with BLS inocula with polyclonal anti-BLS antibody (Clarke et al, 1990) but did not appear to be associated with the more dramatic pathological features in the liver or spleen observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Clarke et al (1990) demonstrated that the BLS antigen in experimental infections appeared to be complexed with antibody in dendritic cells in the liver and speculated that the antigen may be being elaborated at another site in the hen. The abdominal bleeding and serosanguineous fluid seen in this study is more characteristic of HSS but vascular lesions were not confirmed histologically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian hepatitis E virus infection and possible associated clinical disease in broiler breeder flocks in Hungary

Morrow¹,

Samu

Mátrai

et al. 2008

Avian Pathology

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In broiler breeder flocks in one broiler integration in Hungary, a new syndrome appeared in January 2005 with initially four successive post-peak flocks experiencing significant decreases in egg production. Clinically birds became depressed and there was a small increase in the mortality rate. Postmortem examinations revealed enlarged livers in up to 19% of birds dying, and enlarged spleens in some. Also observed were birds with either clotted blood or serosanguineous fluid in the abdomen and subcapsular haemorrhages of the liver. Histopathology and polymerase chain reaction excluded tumours and the presence of common tumour-associated viruses. Chronic bacterial infections (especially causing hepatitis, peritonitis and airsacculitis) were common but many enlarged livers had no obvious bacterial involvement. After a 9-month period during which a majority of flocks became affected, no newly affected flocks occurred. Investigations showed that all tested affected flocks were seropositive in the big liver and spleen (BLS) Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion (AGID) test. Subsequent flocks without post-peak egg-production drops were shown to be seronegative in the BLS AGID test, as were all the parent flocks contributing to the affected flocks. Liver samples and cloacal swabs were positive by polymerase chain reaction (aHEV helicase target), and calicivirus-like particles were demonstrated in bile samples from affected birds. These observations are similar to hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome as described in North America and BLS syndrome as described in Australia. Histopathological features were a non-specific chronic hepatitis similar to those described in BLS and hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome. Immunohistochemistry using a BLS-specific monoclonal antibody confirmed the presence of avian hepatitis E virus antigen in livers and spleen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian hepatitis E virus infection and possible associated clinical disease in broiler breeder flocks in Hungary

Morrow¹,

Samu

Mátrai

et al. 2008

Avian Pathology

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“…Neither the birds with relatively low viral loads (week 25) nor the birds with high viral loads (weeks 45 and 62) showed any clinical signs. Experimentally, one could demonstrate that chickens of different age, breed and sex can be infected with avian HEV (Clarke et al, 1990;Payne et al, 1993;Crerar & Cross, 1994b;Sun et al, 2004b;Billam et al, 2005Billam et al, , 2009Huang et al, 2005). Remarkably, BLSD affects only sexually mature broiler breeder hens (Crerar & Cross, 1994a;Handlinger & Williams, 1988;Morrow et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Subclinical circulation of avian hepatitis E virus within a multiple-age rearing and broiler breeder farm indicates persistence and vertical transmission of the virus

Troxler

Pać²,

Prokofieva

et al. 2014

Avian Pathology

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In a prospective longitudinal study, a broiler breeder flock and its progeny were monitored for the presence of avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA and antibodies. The flock was part of a multiple-age farm where the presence of avian HEV with clinical signs (increased mortality and decreased egg production) was demonstrated in several previous production cycles. Samples were taken twice at the rearing site and several times at the production site from broiler breeders including cockerels and day-old chicks. The samples were investigated by conventional and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and histological methods. At all time points, samples from the hens were positive for avian HEV RNA. The birds did not show any clinical signs, even though histopathological lesions of non-specific aetiology in the liver and spleen could be demonstrated. A significant increase in the number of positive birds and viral load was seen in week 45, in accordance with an increase in antibody titres. In comparison, cockerels investigated in week 62 tested negative by RT-PCR and ELISA. Avian HEV RNA was also detected in day-old chicks hatched from eggs laid in week 25, indicating vertical transmission. All partial helicase and capsid sequences retrieved within this study clustered together and were identical to previous sequences obtained from the same multiple-age farm. In conclusion, avian HEV persisted on the farm over years and circulated between the rearing and the production sites without causing any clinical signs although high viral loads in the adult hens were observed.

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“…Furthermore, this protein is involved in the biological transportation of endogenous substrates, including bile acid and bile salt, among others (35,36). In regard to avian HEV, some previous studies suggested that chicken liver is the main target tissue upon viral infection (4,37), and bile samples of infected chickens contain large numbers of viral RNA copies (38). Based on those previous findings, it was speculated that OATP1A2 may have some relationship with avian HEV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…animal strain of HEV, belongs to the species Orthohepevirus B (1,2). It was identified from chickens with big liver and spleen disease, also known as hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (3), which can cause slightly increased mortality (1% to 4%) and decreased egg production (10% to 40%) in broiler breeders and laying hens aged 30 to 72 weeks (4)(5)(6). In addition, avian HEV RNA has also been detected in healthy chickens (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chicken Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1A2, a Novel Avian Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) ORF2-Interacting Protein, Is Involved in Avian HEV Infection

Fan

Liu

et al. 2019

J Virol

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Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main causative agent of big liver and spleen disease in chickens. Due to the absence of a highly effective cell culture system, there are few reports about the interaction between avian HEV and host cells. In this study, organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) from chicken liver cells was identified to interact with ap237, a truncated avian HEV capsid protein spanning amino acids 313 to 549, by a glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay. GST pulldown and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) further confirmed that the extracellular domain of OATP1A2 directly binds with ap237. The expression levels of OATP1A2 in host cells are positively correlated with the amounts of ap237 attachment and virus infection. The distribution of OATP1A2 in different tissues is consistent with avian HEV infection in vivo. Finally, when the functions of OATP1A2 in cells are inhibited by its substrates or an inhibitor or blocked by ap237 or anti-OATP1A2 sera, attachment to and infection of host cells by avian HEV are significantly reduced. Collectively, these results displayed for the first time that OATP1A2 interacts with the avian HEV capsid protein and can influence viral infection in host cells. The present study provides new insight to understand the process of avian HEV infection of host cells. IMPORTANCE The process of viral infection is centered around the interaction between the virus and host cells. Due to the lack of a highly effective cell culture system in vitro, there is little understanding about the interaction between avian HEV and its host cells. In this study, a total of seven host proteins were screened in chicken liver cells by a truncated avian HEV capsid protein (ap237) in which the host protein OATP1A2 interacted with ap237. Overexpression of OATP1A2 in the cells can promote ap237 adsorption as well as avian HEV adsorption and infection of the cells. When the function of OATP1A2 in cells was inhibited by substrates or inhibitors, attachment and infection by avian HEV significantly decreased. The distribution of OATP1A2 in different chicken tissues corresponded with that in tissues during avian HEV infection. This is the first finding that OATP1A2 is involved in viral infection of host cells.

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Big liver and spleen disease of broiler breeders

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Avian hepatitis E virus infection and possible associated clinical disease in broiler breeder flocks in Hungary

Avian hepatitis E virus infection and possible associated clinical disease in broiler breeder flocks in Hungary

Subclinical circulation of avian hepatitis E virus within a multiple-age rearing and broiler breeder farm indicates persistence and vertical transmission of the virus

Chicken Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1A2, a Novel Avian Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) ORF2-Interacting Protein, Is Involved in Avian HEV Infection

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