Bigger, Faster, Stronger: Implications of Inter-Species Interactions for IRM of Lepidopteran Pests of Bt Maize in Africa

Visser, A. de; Berg, Johnnie Van den

doi:10.1093/jipm/pmaa014

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 213 publications

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“…Since the FAW invasion in Africa, extensive AAW outbreaks have been less common 13 . An effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy requires detailed knowledge of the agricultural system, pest behaviour, pest biology and population species structure 14 . FAW and AAW present particular management challenges due to their migratory behaviour, concealment of larvae and, in the case of FAW, high levels of insecticide resistance 5,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of invasive Fall armyworm and African armyworm sharing the same maize plants in the field: implications for intra-guild competition

Carter

Gómez-Undiano

Rwezaauva

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Both the native African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta Walker), AAW, and the invasive Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith), FAW, attack maize in Africa. The invasion of FAW in Africa has created a scenario where these two Spodoptera species might co-occur and interact with each other. This could have implications for pest management, including insecticide resistance management, biological control and the effectiveness of management practices. Given the much more aggressive nature of FAW in comparison to AAW, we predicted that where the two species co-occur, FAW would dominate the intra-guild interaction. Our study includes field observations of armyworms on both Cynodon grasses and maize, including the systematic sampling of smallholder maize farms in Arusha, Tanzania. We found that FAW larvae and AAW larvae can occur in the same field and even on the same plant and leaf simultaneously however, statistically, their joint distributions are consistent with a non-competitive association.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of invasive Fall armyworm and African armyworm sharing the same maize plants in the field: implications for intra-guild competition

Carter

Gómez-Undiano

Rwezaauva

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Incipient resistance of the African maize stemborer, Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry2Ab2 maize in South Africa

Strydom,

Erasmus,

Friis

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDResistance of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1Ab was documented in 2006, 7 years after the first cultivation of MON 810 in South Africa. This was mitigated by introducing a second‐generation Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize (MON 89034), which contains the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins. The first reports of B. fusca infestations of MON 89034 maize came in the KwaZulu‐Natal province (2017–2018 cropping season), followed by reports in the Mpumalanga province (2022–2023 season). Here we report results of artificial diet‐ and plant‐based laboratory assays to assess the susceptibility of B. fusca populations to the Bt proteins in MON 89034.RESULTSLarvae were sampled from nine locations which included three where greater than expected injury due to B. fusca had been reported to MON 89034. Larval mortality in assays with diet‐incorporated Cry2Ab2 protein was 100% for all except the three problem populations, showing that the Cry2Ab2 protein in MON 89034 is highly efficacious against B. fusca. In contrast, assays with Cry1A.105 did not cause significant mortality in any of the B. fusca populations including larvae from a susceptible reference. Larval survival on leaf tissue of MON 89034 maize after 7 days ranged between 75% and 91% for the three problematic B. fusca populations, compared to 0.4% to 9.6% for the five other populations.CONCLUSIONTherefore, MON 89034 is effectively a single‐mode‐of‐action technology against B. fusca and carries an inherent high risk for the evolution of resistance. This study shows that the three B. fusca populations collected from locations with greater than expected damage to MON 89034 have resistance to the Cry2Ab2 protein and therefore to MON 89034 maize. This research emphasizes the importance of resistance monitoring and implementation of effective insect resistance management tactics. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Modeling fall armyworm resistance in Bt-maize areas during crop and off-seasons

et al. 2022

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Entomologists have often used computational modeling to study the dynamics of insects in agricultural landscapes. Recently, important issues such as the movement of adults and immatures associated with insect resistance to GMO (genetically modi ed organism) crops, have been addressed using computational models. Further studies are needed, especially of structured landscapes composed of GMO plants and alternative hosts that insect pests can exploit. We developed an individual-based model using the cellular automata approach (CA) to investigate how an intercropping system composed of transgenic maize (Bacillus thuringiensis), refuge areas (non-Bt maize), and grasses combined with offseason periods might in uence the evolution of resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), one of the leading agricultural pests targeted by GMOs. We designed the Bt and non-Bt plants in two different arrangements: a) a seed mixture and b) alternate rows, adding grasses in areas adjacent to the eld. We added the seasonal planting dynamics (crop season and off-season), to evaluate a total of six agricultural scenarios. We followed a crop calendar from the United States to create simulations close to agricultural practice. The results showed that the frequency of the resistance allele was strongly related to the landscape arrangements and their dynamics. Since the adult insects are mobile, the seedmixture scenario increased the frequency of the resistance allele the most, followed by alternate rows. Finally, grass elds can help to manage S. frugiperda Bt resistance in the agricultural scenarios.

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Bigger, Faster, Stronger: Implications of Inter-Species Interactions for IRM of Lepidopteran Pests of Bt Maize in Africa

Cited by 11 publications

References 213 publications

First report of invasive Fall armyworm and African armyworm sharing the same maize plants in the field: implications for intra-guild competition

First report of invasive Fall armyworm and African armyworm sharing the same maize plants in the field: implications for intra-guild competition

Incipient resistance of the African maize stemborer, Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry2Ab2 maize in South Africa

Modeling fall armyworm resistance in Bt-maize areas during crop and off-seasons

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