We present a clinical case (new born) of female at 11 months of life for an abdominal mass. In this context, we discuss the surgical procedure step by step. Cystic dilatation of the common bile duct can be defined as pseudo aneurysmal congenital ectasia biliary tract, a rare condition first described in 1723 by VATER. In the light of this presentation and after a review of the literature, we highlight the rarity of cystic dilation of the bile duct. It may be misunderstood. The diagnosis is most often only carried out intra operatively. Left untreated, the condition can lead to secondary biliary cirrhosis. The treatment is surgical and the current trend is unanimous: the radicality of the gesture by resection of the cyst when it is possible with hepatico-jejunal anastomosis.