Bilateral carotid artery occlusion causes periventricular leukomalacia in neonatal dogs

Yoshioka, Hiroshi; Goma, Hideyo; Nioka, Shoko; Ochi, Masaharu; Miyake, Hidenori; Zaman, Aziza; Masumura, Michio; Sawada, Tadashi; Chance, Britton

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(94)90036-1

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Among the risk factors we previously found for EL are subnormal neonatal thyroid hormone levels (4), absence of antenatal exposure to corticosteroid (5), and inflammation of the fetal vessels in the chorionic plate or umbilical cord (fetal vasculitis) (6). Although hypoxia-ischemia is a causative factor in controlled experimental settings (7,8), its role as a risk factor for EL in preterm infants is less clear (9).Extremely low carbon dioxide levels appear to be associated with an increased risk for ultrasound-defined WMD (10 -15) and cerebral palsy (16,17). Many of these studies, however, suffer from small numbers and/or the lack of adjustment for potential confounders in multivariable analyses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hypocarbia during the First 24 Postnatal Hours and White Matter Echolucencies in Newborns ≤28 Weeks Gestation

et al. 2001

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The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that newborns Յ28 wk gestation who have a Pco 2 measurement in the lowest gestational age-specific quartile (hypocarbia) on the first day of life are not at increased risk for ultrasonographic white matter echolucency (EL) after adjustment for confounders. The sample consisted of 799 infants Յ28 wk gestation born during 1991-1993. Forty-eight infants with EL were classified as cases and compared with 751 controls, i.e. those without EL. We performed univariable comparisons, stratified analyses, and multivariable logistic regression. In the univariable analyses, hypocarbia on the first day of life was associated with an increased EL risk. The odds ratios for the hypocarbia-EL relationship were prominently elevated in the strata of infants who did not have other major risk factors for EL (e.g. gestational age 26 -28 wk, normothyroxinemia, no characteristics of antenatal infection). In the multivariable analyses, the association diminished after adjustment with a hypocarbia propensity score (odds ratio ϭ 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.8 -3.2) or with potential confounders. White matter EL predicts spastic cerebral palsy among preterm very-low-birth-weight infants (1-3). Among the risk factors we previously found for EL are subnormal neonatal thyroid hormone levels (4), absence of antenatal exposure to corticosteroid (5), and inflammation of the fetal vessels in the chorionic plate or umbilical cord (fetal vasculitis) (6). Although hypoxia-ischemia is a causative factor in controlled experimental settings (7,8), its role as a risk factor for EL in preterm infants is less clear (9).Extremely low carbon dioxide levels appear to be associated with an increased risk for ultrasound-defined WMD (10 -15) and cerebral palsy (16,17). Many of these studies, however, suffer from small numbers and/or the lack of adjustment for potential confounders in multivariable analyses. In the present study, we compared the occurrence of hypocarbia among 48 infants with ultrasonographic EL to that among 751 infants who did not have EL. Our study has the advantages of large size (n ϭ 799), detailed high-quality data about outcome and many antecedents, and the use of a propensity score to adjust for antecedents of hypocarbia. METHODSPermission. The present study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of all participating centers. Written informed consent was obtained before enrollment of an infant was initiated.Sample. The multicenter cohort that provided the study population for these analyses enrolled 1607 very-low-birthweight infants (500 -1500 g) born January 1, 1991 through December 31, 1993 at five medical centers in the cities of

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Hypocarbia during the First 24 Postnatal Hours and White Matter Echolucencies in Newborns ≤28 Weeks Gestation

et al. 2001

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“…Finally, this commonly used surgical technique was performed to obtain a model of IUGR conditions. It not only influenced weight and viability parameters but also affected internal organ development, and previous studies have reported effects on the brain (28), liver (28) and skin (29). The brain is sensitive and has poor tolerance to hypoxia.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Was Induced by Bilateral Uterine Vessel Clamping in Pregnant Rats

Diao¹,

Li²,

Qu³

et al. 2017

J Anesth Perioper Med

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Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is considered to be a major risk for cerebral palsy and disability after birth. However, IUGR lacks effective treatment strategies. We aimed to establish a rat model of bilateral uterine artery ischemia-reperfusion as a surgical model of IUGR. Methods: At the 17th day of pregnancy, six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham (NOR) and growth restriction (GR) groups. In the GR groups, four small artery clamps were used to occlude the uterine vessels near the lower and upper ends of the bilateral horns for 25 min; then, the clamps were removed, and the horns were placed back into the abdomen cavity. In the sham-operated animals, the uterine horns were exposed for 25 min without artery clamping. After labour and delivery, the death rates and weights during the first 8 days of newborn rats were recorded. A pathological examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling staining (TUNEL) on 4-day-old and 8-day-old brain tissues of the newborn rats. Results: The mortality within the first 24 h of rats in the GR group were increased (66.7% vs 0.0% ), and their daily weights within the first 8 postnatal days were decreased. In addition, the karyopyknosis percentages of 4-day-old and 8-day-old rats were increased (4-day-old: 45% vs 11%; 8-day-old: 34.7% vs 5.3%), and the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells were increased (4-day-old: 110 vs 12.7; 8-day-old: 146.7 vs 4). Conclusions: This model of foetal IUGR produced a decrease in weight, an increase in the death rate within 24 h and an increase in apoptosis in newborn rats. The establishment of the model was successful.

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“…Yoshioka et al [18] reported that the ligation of internal carotid arteries causes multiple necrotic foci in the deep white matter of neonatal dogs. This experimental PVL is very similar to the focal-type PVL in human neonates.…”

Section: Cerebral Hypoperfusion As a Causal Factor Of Pvlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular, Axonal and Glial Pathogenesis of Periventricular Leukomalacia in Fetuses and Neonates

Takashima¹,

Hirayama²,

Okoshi³

et al. 2002

Neuroembryol Aging

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Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in prematurely born infants is an important cause of cerebral palsy and intellectual impairment. In the pathogenesis of PVL, both the developing vasculature and differentiating glial progenitor cells within the deep white matter are susceptible to ischemia and very important as predisposing factors. Axonal swellings, which occur as the first signs of PVL, are found in fetuses as well as neonates, and cellular activation secondary to intrauterine infection may also predispose to PVL. Causal factors include cerebral hypoperfusion in the perinatal period, which leads to axonal damage, glutamate release, elevated production of cytokines in microglia and nerve growth factor in astrocytes, and finally an increased plasticity in neurons and oligodendrocytes. Cellular reactivities such as nestin expression following PVL may represent important indicators for determining the effective time for treatment and rehabilitation.

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Bilateral carotid artery occlusion causes periventricular leukomalacia in neonatal dogs

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Hypocarbia during the First 24 Postnatal Hours and White Matter Echolucencies in Newborns ≤28 Weeks Gestation

Hypocarbia during the First 24 Postnatal Hours and White Matter Echolucencies in Newborns ≤28 Weeks Gestation

A Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Was Induced by Bilateral Uterine Vessel Clamping in Pregnant Rats

Vascular, Axonal and Glial Pathogenesis of Periventricular Leukomalacia in Fetuses and Neonates

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