Bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis as first manifestation of primary Burkitt lymphoma of the thyroid gland

Abstract

Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare condition that is usually associated with infections, pregnancy, vasculitis and some types of medication, such as the contraceptive pill and paraneoplastic. Primary Burkitt lymphoma (PBL) of the thyroid gland is very uncommon and the clinical description of such cases has been largely limited to case reports. In this paper, we present a case of CST as the first manifestation of PBL of the thyroid gland. To the best of our knowledge, our patient is the first case report of PBL of the thyroid gland that presents with bilateral CST.

Usefulness of core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of thyroid Burkitt’s lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature

“…As a result, this lymphoma is characterized by the presence of monomorphic medium-sized B cells with a very high proliferation rate and increased apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, 23 cases of thyroid Burkitt’s lymphoma have been described in the English medical literature [ 9 – 24 ] (Table 1 ). The majority of them (13 out of 23) were cases of Burkitt’s lymphoma with disseminated disease (stage III/IV).…”

“…The majority of them (13 out of 23) were cases of Burkitt’s lymphoma with disseminated disease (stage III/IV). Among them, at least 5 patients (22%) died within the first 2 years of follow-up [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 24 ] (Table 1 ). These were cases of age greater than 60 years, advanced disease, or disease onset complicated by cavernous sinus thrombosis (Table 1 ).…”

“…Moreover, sometimes, the thyroid mass due to a lymphoma can be an incidental occurrence in patients with fever, malaise, weight loss, or hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, as reported by [ 9 , 16 , 20 ]. Otherwise, there have been also a few reports of exceptional presentations such as a pathological fracture due to a secondary lytic lesion [ 13 ], and the onset of diplopia and headache due to a bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis [ 24 ].…”

“…We also performed a review of the literature and a search in Pubmed of other clinical cases of adult patients affected by Burkitt’s lymphoma of the thyroid gland. For this purpose, we used the combined terms “Burkitt”, “thyroid”, and “case”, and we selected only English written articles [ 9 – 24 ], while we excluded a few reports in other languages, such as Spanish [ 25 – 28 ], French [ 29 , 30 ], and Japanese [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Cortical Vein Thrombosis after Infliximab Treatment for Crohn’s Disease

“…Crohn’s disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its symptoms are very diverse and mainly affect the gastrointestinal system [ 5 ]. The inflammatory state of the disease can cause an increased level of cytokines, damaging endothelium, activating immune cells and enhancing coagulation cascade [ 6 ], and it also puts patients at high risk of thromboembolism accidents [ 7 ]; therefore in a hospitalized IBD patient with active disease, anticoagulants are recommended to prevent such accidents as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, etc.…”