Bilateral lesions of nucleus subpretectalis/interstitio-pretecto-subpretectalis (SP/IPS) selectively impair figure–ground discrimination in pigeons

Scully, Erin N.; Acerbo, Martín J.; Lazareva, Olga F.

doi:10.1017/s0952523813000424

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, most nAChR subunits were undetected in these regions. The nuclei subpretectalis (SP) and isthmi pars parvocellularis (IPc) play crucial roles in the regulation of visual figure‐ground discrimination (Schryver & Mysore, 2019; Scully et al., 2014). Here, ChrnB4 showed clear and specific expression in SP, while in contrast, IPc was labeled with high levels of ChrnA4, A5, and B3 expression (but ChrnA4 expression was suppressed in the lateral part of IPc; Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in a songbird brain

Asogwa

Toji

et al. 2022

J of Comparative Neurology

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast synaptic transmission and cell signaling, which contribute to learning, memory, and the execution of motor skills. Birdsong is a complex learned motor skill in songbirds. Although the existence of 15 nAChR subunits has been predicted in the avian genome, their expression patterns and potential contributions to song learning and production have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we cloned all the 15 nAChR subunits (ChrnA1-10, B2-4, D, and G) from the zebra finch brain and investigated the mRNA expression patterns in the neural pathways responsible for the learning and production of birdsong during a critical period of song learning. Although there were no detectable hybridization signals for ChrnA1, A6, A9, and A10, the other 11 nAChR subunits were uniquely expressed in one or more major subdivisions in the song nuclei of the songbird brain. Of these 11 subunits, ChrnA3-5, A7, and B2 were differentially regulated in the song nuclei compared with the surrounding anatomically related regions. ChrnA5 was upregulated during the critical period of song learning in the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed ChrnA7 and B2 to be the major subunits expressed in neurons of the vocal motor nuclei HVC and robust nucleus of the arcopallium, indicating the potential existence of ChrnA7-homomeric and ChrnB2-heteromeric nAChRs in limited cell populations. These results suggest that relatively limited types of nAChR subunits provide functional contributions to song learning and production in songbirds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in a songbird brain

Asogwa

Toji

et al. 2022

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Studies on birds suggest they may attend to the figural region rather than use local properties when performing figure-ground segmentation. It was suggested that specific regions in the brain might be responsible for figure-ground segmentation (Scully et al 2014 ). Recent work on the barn owl tested its ability to detect a figure using the animal’s self-motion and found that information about self-motion can facilitate orientation-based figure-ground segmentation (Dutta et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure-ground segmentation based on motion in the archerfish

Volotsky,

Segev

2024

Anim Cogn

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Figure-ground segmentation is a fundamental process in visual perception that involves separating visual stimuli into distinct meaningful objects and their surrounding context, thus allowing the brain to interpret and understand complex visual scenes. Mammals exhibit varying figure-ground segmentation capabilities, ranging from primates that can perform well on figure-ground segmentation tasks to rodents that perform poorly. To explore figure-ground segmentation capabilities in teleost fish, we studied how the archerfish, an expert visual hunter, performs figure-ground segmentation. We trained archerfish to discriminate foreground objects from the background, where the figures were defined by motion as well as by discontinuities in intensity and texture. Specifically, the figures were defined by grating, naturalistic texture, and random noise moving in counterphase with the background. The archerfish performed the task well and could distinguish between all three types of figures and grounds. Their performance was comparable to that of primates and outperformed rodents. These findings suggest the existence of a complex visual process in the archerfish visual system that enables the delineation of figures as distinct from backgrounds, and provide insights into object recognition in this animal.

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“…Studies on birds suggest they may attend to the figural region rather than use local properties when performing figure-ground segmentation. It was suggested that specific regions in the brain might be responsible for figure-ground segmentation (Scully et al 2014). A recent work on the barn owl tested its ability to detect a figure using the animal's self-motion and found that information about self-motion can facilitate orientation-based figure-ground segmentation (Dutta et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure-ground segmentation based on motion in the archerfish

Volotsky

Segev

2022

Preprint

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Object detection and recognition is a complex computational task that is thought to rely critically on the ability to segment an object from the background. Mammals exhibit varying figure-ground segmentation capabilities, ranging from primates that can perform well on figure-ground segmentation tasks to rodents that perform poorly. To explore figure-ground segmentation capabilities in teleost fish, we studied how the archerfish, an expert visual hunter, performs figure-ground segmentation. We trained archerfish to discriminate foreground objects from the background, where the figures were defined by motion as well as by discontinuities in intensity and texture. Specifically, the figures were defined by grating, naturalistic texture, and random noise moving in counterphase with the background. The archerfish performed the task well and could distinguish between all three types of figures and grounds. Their performance was comparable to that of primates and outperformed rodents. These findings suggest the existence of a complex visual process in the archerfish visual system that enables the delineation of figures as distinct from backgrounds, and provide insights into object recognition in this animal.

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Bilateral lesions of nucleus subpretectalis/interstitio-pretecto-subpretectalis (SP/IPS) selectively impair figure–ground discrimination in pigeons

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in a songbird brain

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in a songbird brain

Figure-ground segmentation based on motion in the archerfish

Figure-ground segmentation based on motion in the archerfish

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