Bilateral papillary thyroid cancer in children: Risk factors and frequency of postoperative diagnosis

Baumgarten, Heron D.; Jenks, Carolyn M.; Isaza, Amber; Bhatti, Tricia R.; Mostoufi‐Moab, Sogol; Kazahaya, Ken; Adzick, N. Scott; Bauer, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.02.040

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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Section: Ethics Fundingssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In our study, thyroid carcinoma affected more girls than boys, with a 4-fold predominance, in line with more recent studies (2,3,32,33) supporting previous hypotheses on a relevant role played by hormonal determinants in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma (2,34). The median age at diagnosis, in our cohort, was 17 years (ranging from 10 up to 20) different of that observed in others studies (13.5-14.6-14.7 years) suggesting a possible elderly clinical manifestation in our population (3,32,33). The relationship between chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid carcinogenesis are still controversial but seems that they could share the same molecular pathogenesis and therefore, these inflammatory events could be considered as preneoplastic lesions (35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Ethics Fundingssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Thyroid cancer in Sardinian pediatric patients: report of 63 cases and a review of the literature

Lai

Satta

Pinna³

et al. 2021

Ann Res Oncol

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8%), according to the last WHO classification. Autoimmune thyroid diseases were detected in the 29 PTCs (64% of PTCs). BRAF V600E mutation was found in 21 PTCs (47% of PTCs). Our study shows that thyroid cancer in Sardinian children and adolescents is characterized by peculiar features: our cohort is composed only by Follicular-derived differentiated thyroid cancer without medullary carcinomas; PTC seems to be more frequent and strongly associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases in our population. Those evidences, together with the absence of any exposure to radiation in our patients, support the possibility that autoimmune diseases became an important event to be considered also in the evolution of pediatric thyroid carcinogenesis.

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Section: Ethics Fundingssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Ethics Fundingssupporting

confidence: 93%

Thyroid cancer in Sardinian pediatric patients: report of 63 cases and a review of the literature

Lai

Satta

Pinna³

et al. 2021

Ann Res Oncol

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“…Data on surgical outcomes following neck dissection in children are sparse 6,7,26 . In our study, 27 patients underwent total thyroidectomy (70% with central neck dissection) for DTC and there was one permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury following revision central neck dissection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Thyroid cancer is the second most common malignancy in adolescent females in the United States and the incidence of thyroid cancer in children is increasing by 1.1% per year 1,2 . Compared with adults, pediatric thyroid nodules are more likely to be malignant, and children with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are more likely to present with larger, un‐encapsulated, diffuse bilateral disease with extensive lymph node involvement and distant metastases, leading to a higher likelihood of incomplete resection 3–6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Predictors of Metastatic Spread to the Neck in Pediatric Thyroid Carcinoma

et al. 2020

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Objective Evaluate patterns and predictors of spread to the neck in pediatric metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods Patients <18 years old undergoing thyroidectomy by a single surgeon from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Neck sublevels were removed separately according to AJCC boundaries. Clinical outcomes included nerve injury, hypocalcemia, hematoma, and residual tumor. Results Forty‐eight children underwent thyroid surgery. Thirty (63%) were for malignancy, 27 (90%) of which were DTC. Nineteen (70%) patients with DTC underwent 24 neck dissections; 19 central plus lateral and 5 central alone. The female to male ratio increased from 1:1 to 3:1 with age. Two children with lateral neck involvement had sub‐centimeter primaries. Patients requiring neck dissection were more likely to have 1) diffuse sclerosing or tall cell variant, 2) T3 or T4 disease, 3) genetic mutation, 4) lymphatic invasion, 5) extracapsular extension, 6) positive resection margin. Levels IIA (79%), III (89%), IV (84%), VI (100%) were most commonly involved. Levels IB (16%), IIB (16%), VB (16%) were also involved, often without involvement of adjacent levels. Permanent injuries included one unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve, one mild marginal mandibular nerve and one mild accessory nerve. Hypocalcemia was highest following neck dissection for malignant disease. One patient was re‐operated for a mediastinal node. Most patients with N1 disease received radioactive iodine. Most patients have no evidence or indeterminate disease on long‐term follow‐up. Conclusion Children with lateral nodal spread from DTC should be considered for neck dissection including Levels IB, IIA, IIB, III, IV, VB, bilateral VI. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1002–E1009, 2021

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“…УЗД у дітей з МФ. Майже кожна четверта дитина мала приховане двобічне захворювання (із 172 залучених у дослідження пацієнтів 38,4 % мали двобічне захворювання, у 23,0 % його діагностовано після операції) [17]. Є дані, що доопераційна візуалізація у дітей з ПРЩЗ точніше виявляла двобічну МФ (у 48 із 73 дітей, 66 %), ніж однобічну (у 9 із 25 дітей, 36 %) [16].…”

Section: діагностика мультифокальностіunclassified

Multifocal papillary thyroid cancer in children and adults. Lecture

Tovkai¹,

Palamarchuk²,

Hryshchenko³

et al. 2022

CE&ES

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Thyroid cancer is the 9th most common cancer in the world. Thus, in the year 2020, 586.000 cases of thyroid cancer were registered worldwide. The incidence rate among women is 10.1 per 100 thousand population, and among men — 3.1 per 100 thousand population. In Ukraine, in 2019, the standardized rate of incidence of thyroid cancer (world standard) was 6.9 per 100.000 population (2.8 among men, 10.5 among women). In the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the cervical spine, thyroid cancer ranks first place among women aged 18 — 29 (19.9 %), fourth among both men aged 18 — 29 (8.3 %, and women aged 30 — 54 (8.1 %). Over the past 40 years, increased incidence of thyroid cancer (in particular, papillary thyroid cancer) is observed in most countries, which can be explained by various factors, for example, overdiagnosis, a change in the prevalence of modified risk factors. In Ukraine, in the period from 1989 to 2012, the rate of incidence of papillary thyroid cancer among men increased by 115 %, among women — by 137 %, the annual increase in incidence of papillary thyroid cancer for men and women was 5 and 6 %, respectively. Multifocality in papillary thyroid cancer is a characteristic feature that is much more common in pediatric patients than in adults, but the number of studies in children is limited, which is associated with a lower prevalence of the disease in children. The results of investigations on the multifocality predictors and its role in influencing relapse, persistence, and survival in patients with papillary thyroid cancer are conflicting in both adults and pediatric population. Among the risk factors of multifocality, a smaller number of controversies concerns the links of metastasis in the lymphatic nodes, radiation in the anamnesis, childhood age, and for bilaterality — multifocality of the primary lobe and the presence of contralateral benign nodes (in adults). Other factors as predictors of multifocality have controversial significance and deserve attention in further research. The identification of reliable predictors of multifocality, especially with the help of preoperative data analysis, as well as multifocality risk stratification will facilitate the complex decision‑making process for the correct treatment tactics of children and adults with papillary thyroid cancer.

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Bilateral papillary thyroid cancer in children: Risk factors and frequency of postoperative diagnosis

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Thyroid cancer in Sardinian pediatric patients: report of 63 cases and a review of the literature

Thyroid cancer in Sardinian pediatric patients: report of 63 cases and a review of the literature

Patterns and Predictors of Metastatic Spread to the Neck in Pediatric Thyroid Carcinoma

Multifocal papillary thyroid cancer in children and adults. Lecture

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