Bilateral renal cell carcinoma of the native kidneys in a 16-year-old boy: Report of a rare case and review of the literature

Abstract

Bilateral renal cell carcinoma is rare and most commonly occurs in patients with background of hereditary and genetic diseases. Occurrence of bilateral renal cell carcinoma in native kidneys of a renal transplant patient is even more uncommon, and less than 10 cases have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we report our experience with the youngest renal transplant patient ever reported with bilateral renal cell carcinoma, who presented with intractable urinary tract infection. We also will review all of the reported cases of bilateral renal cell carcinoma in the last 20 years in the English literature according to the presentations, treatment modalities, prognosis, and graft outcome.

Bilateral Native Kidney Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas in a 11-Year-Old Renal Transplant Patient

“…Posttransplant RCCs mostly develop in one of the native kidneys with a reported incidence of <1.5%. 7 9 The risk of developing RCC in renal transplant patients is reported to be 15 to 100 times higher than in the general population. 6 9 Although, a great majority are clear-cell RCC followed by papillary subtype, papillary RCC is more frequently observed than in non-transplanted patients.…”

“… 5 There has been only one previous pediatric report with bilateral RCC of native kidneys which was observed in a 16-year-old transplant recipient. 7 The diagnosis was papillary RCC and the ultimate outcome after surgery was rejection with chronic allograft nephropathy most likely due to discontinuation of immunosuppression.…”

“…These tumors predominantly develop in native kidneys and are almost always unilateral. 6 7 Tumor development in the native kidneys after transplantation is very rarely reported in children. 7 We report a child aged 11 years without any genetic susceptibility who developed bilateral RCC 2 years after kidney transplantation.…”

Bilateral Renal Tumors in Children: The First 5 Years’ Experience of National Centralization in The Netherlands and a Narrative Review of the Literature

“…We describe one (previously reported) hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) patient with bilateral RCC, presenting at 15 years of age. So far, we identified only eight bilateral cases of RCC in literature [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. During our literature review, we also encountered a few other reports on pediatric kidney tumors that presented bilaterally, including malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney ( n = 3) [ 81 ], clear cell sarcoma of the kidney ( n = 2) [ 82 ], cystic nephroma ( n = 9) [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ] and CPDN ( n = 3) [ 83 , 92 , 93 ].…”