Bilateral traumatic leptomeningeal cysts

Rahimizadeh, Abolfazl; Haddadian, Karim

doi:10.1097/00006123-198603000-00028

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Also, brain grows rapidly in the first 2 years which widens the defect and thus they are more prone to GSF. Alternatively, in these children, the skull is thinner and deformable and dural tear occurs because of this deformation [3, 4,29,30]. In our study, we analysed only paediatric data and had 31 cases (72 %) of these lesions in children below 3 years of age which is comparable to other reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Surgical results of growing skull fractures in children: a single centre study of 43 cases

et al. 2014

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Being the second largest series to date, it adds significant valuable contribution to this topic. Poor prognostic factors were age >8 years, females, large defects (>7 cm), severe head injury at initial trauma, defects crossing midline and delayed repair (>8 months). Delayed onset seizures and new onset/progression of pre-existing deficits can be indirect markers of evolution. Surgical repair with water-tight dural closure is the standard treatment. Emphasis on early treatment is highlighted which is probably beneficial in improving neurological deficits. Good-to-excellent outcomes are noted in majority, even in cases with delayed presentations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Surgical results of growing skull fractures in children: a single centre study of 43 cases

et al. 2014

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“…One posits that during the first 2 years of life, rapid growth of the brain and skull oc- curs; the dura adheres more tightly to the bone and thus is more easily torn when the skull is fractured. 9,25 The other hypothesis proposes that the skull is thinner, less stiff, and more deformable, and in deforming can more readily tear the dura. In the early stage of GSF, the main damages to the brain and bone are caused by the injury itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing skull fracture stages and treatment strategy

Liu¹,

You²,

Ma³

et al. 2012

PED

122

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Object A growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare but significant late complication of skull fractures, usually occurring during infancy and early childhood. Delayed diagnosis and improper treatment could exacerbate this disease. The aim of this study was to introduce a new hypothesis about, describe the stages of, and discuss the treatment strategy for GSF. Methods The authors performed a retrospective review of 27 patients with GSF, who were grouped according to 3 different GSF stages. Results Over a period of 20 years, 27 patients with GSF (16 males and 11 females) were treated in the authors' department. The mean follow-up period was 26.5 months. Six patients were in the prephase of GSF (Stage 1), 10 patients in the early phase (Stage 2), and 11 in the late phase (Stage 3). All patients underwent duraplasty. All 6 patients at Stage 1 and 5 patients at Stage 2 underwent craniotomy without cranioplasty. Five patients at Stage 2 and all of the patients at Stage 3 underwent cranioplasty with autologous bone and alloplastic materials, respectively. Among all patients, 5 underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Symptoms in all patients at Stages 1 and 2 were alleviated or disappeared, and the cranial bones developed without deformity during follow-up. Among patients with Stage 3 GSF, no obvious improvement in neurological deficits was observed. Three patients underwent additional operations because of cranial deformation or infection. Conclusions The authors identify the stages of GSF according to a new hypothesis. They conclude that accurately diagnosing and treating GSF during Stages 1 and 2 leads to a better prognosis.

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“…Reasons proposed for why GSFs occur most commonly during infancy and early childhood are that the dura adheres more tightly to the bone in this age group and therefore is more easily torn when the skull is fractured [19,20], and rapid growth of the brain and skull occurs within the first 2 years of life [21]. Other factors such as intracranial pressure, parenchymal injury, and alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation may also be contributing factors [15,22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing skull fractures (craniocerebral erosion)

Erşahin¹,

Gülmen

Palali

et al. 2000

Neurosurg Rev

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The incidence of growing skull fractures ranges from less than 0.05% to 1.6%. We reviewed 22 growing skull fracture patients retrospectively. There were 15 boys and seven girls ranging in age from newborn to 6 years (mean: 12.4 months) at the time of injury. Falling was the most frequent cause of injury. In total, 17 patients presented with a scalp mass. The scalp was sunken over the bone defect in three patients. Other symptoms and signs were seizure in five patients, hemiparesis in four, recurrent meningitis in one, and pulsatile exophthalmus in one. The most common location was the parietal region. The extent of dural defect was always greater than that of bony defect, except in one case that had been previously shunted for hydrocephalus. In another patient with a growing fracture in the posterior cranial fossa, the dural edges could not be exposed, although a wide craniotomy was performed. Therefore, a cystoperitoneal shunt was inserted. Gliotic tissue was present in all the patients. Cyst or cystic lesions were observed in only nine patients, duraplasty was performed in 21, 16 were neurologically intact, and six had minor deficits. All patients under the age of 3 years with a diastatic skull fracture should be closely followed up. A sustaining diastatic fracture and brain herniation through the skull defect shown on CT or MRI imply a growing skull fracture.

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Bilateral traumatic leptomeningeal cysts

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Surgical results of growing skull fractures in children: a single centre study of 43 cases

Surgical results of growing skull fractures in children: a single centre study of 43 cases

Growing skull fracture stages and treatment strategy

Growing skull fractures (craniocerebral erosion)

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