Bilateral variations of the testicular vessels: Embryological background and clinical implications

Diwan, Yogesh; Singal, Rikki; Diwan, Deepa; Goyal, Subhash; Singal, Samita; Kapil, Mausam

doi:10.4103/2278-960x.112598

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Knowledge of these variations will serve as a reference for avoiding clinical complications during surgery in this region [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Variations in the Origin of Testicular Arteries in Adult Human Cadavers With Embryological Significance and Clinical Importance

J¹,

Kannan²,

Shetty³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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Background: The testicular artery is normally a branch of the abdominal aorta and arises about 1-2inches below the origin of renal artery. In the present study, variations in the origin of testicular arteries and the clinical implications of these variant gonadal arteries are discussed. Materials and Methods: Forty formalin fixed cadavers were dissected to observe for the variations in the origin of testicular arteries in the

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“…Knowledge of these variations will serve as a reference for avoiding clinical complications during surgery in this region [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Variations in the Origin of Testicular Arteries in Adult Human Cadavers With Embryological Significance and Clinical Importance

J¹,

Kannan²,

Shetty³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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“…Available literature showing evidence of variation of ovarian vein is very limited, whereas, variant drainage pattern of testicular vein has been reported relatively frequently in literature [4,8,10,[12][13][14][15][16]. The diagnosis of testicular venous insufficiency in form of varicocele is relatively less complicated with advent of testicular color Doppler ultrasonography in addition to clinical examination of testis [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cadaveric study of ovarian veins: variations, measurements and clinical significance

Ghosh

Chaudhury

2019

Anat Cell Biol

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The literature showing information regarding ovarian venous variation, its diameter and termination distance from respective renal venous origin are limited. This information is important in various surgical and clinical procedures including venous embolization, vascular reconstruction during renal transplantation and localizing the source of origin of a pelvic mass. We examined 94 sides of 47 formalin fixed female cadavers and noted the course and termination of ovarian veins. We measured the diameter of ovarian veins at their termination point and the termination distance in respect to the termination point of renal veins at inferior vena cava (IVC) on respective sides. We found two cases of variations related to right ovarian vein -one, right ovarian vein joined the right renal vein; two, right ovarian vein duplicated and joined with IVC at two different points. We found one case of variation related to left ovarian vein-a partially duplicated left ovarian vein. All the variations were unilateral. The mean diameters of right and left ovarian veins were 3.66±1.18 and 4.20±0.96 mm, respectively. The distance of termination of ovarian veins ranged from 19-40 mm and 13-41 mm, respectively from termination points of right and left renal veins at IVC on respective sides. Our study presents a set of data regarding variation of ovarian veins, diameters and termination distances which could be useful for gynecologists, surgeons and radiologists.

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“…Some isolated reports documenting gonadal vein anatomy[ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ] indicate the frequent occurrence of variations, which are not adequately described in the standard texts of anatomy. [ 18 19 ] Few anatomical studies available have documented variations in western[ 5 20 21 22 ] and black[ 23 ] population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadaveric study of mode of termination of gonadal veins: Implications for procedures utilizing terminal ends of gonadal veins as entry portals

et al. 2017

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Context:The terminal ends of gonadal veins act as an entry portal in gonadal embolization procedures used for treating varicocele in males and pelvic congestion disease in females. Here, we studied the modes of termination of gonadal veins in adult cadavers.Materials and Methods:Thirty-five adult formalin-fixed cadavers (seventy sides) were studied over a period of 4 years. The modes of termination of gonadal veins were observed under the following study variables: (a) number, (b) locale of termination, and (c) termination angle.Results:Variations in study parameters were observed in eight sides of seven cadavers (seven unilateral and one bilateral). Double veins at termination were observed in six cadavers; anomalous termination was observed in three cadavers. Angle of termination differed from normal in 3 cadavers. In one of these cadavers, the left ovarian vein drained into the left suprarenal vein.Conclusion:Duplication of terminal ends, anomalous drainage site, and varied angles of termination call for caution to ensure the success of procedures, which use terminal ends of gonadal veins as entry portals.

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Bilateral variations of the testicular vessels: Embryological background and clinical implications

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

A Study of Variations in the Origin of Testicular Arteries in Adult Human Cadavers With Embryological Significance and Clinical Importance

A Study of Variations in the Origin of Testicular Arteries in Adult Human Cadavers With Embryological Significance and Clinical Importance

A cadaveric study of ovarian veins: variations, measurements and clinical significance

Cadaveric study of mode of termination of gonadal veins: Implications for procedures utilizing terminal ends of gonadal veins as entry portals

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