Bilateral Vascular Occlusions of the Anterior Visual Pathway and Cocaine Abuse

Friedman, Scott M.; Margo, Curtis E.; Konicki, Mark; Campanelli, Michael; Jampol, Lee M.; Plous, O.Z.

doi:10.1097/icb.0b013e318199b0c6

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In contrast to older patients, retinal arterial occlusions in young patients are usually secondary to nonembolic causes such as hypercoagulable states. [ 10 ] In general, retinal vascular occlusions have been reported in several cases following intranasal cocaine inhalation and once in a cocaine smoker[ 3 4 6 7 8 ] [ Table 1 ]. Sleiman et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 5 ] In one case, a macular star was found in a cocaine-induced CRAO, which supports the fact that severe hypertension may play role in the pathophysiology of the disease. [ 6 ] In this report, we are describing a case of BRAO following intranasal cocaine use. The patient developed the disease within 1 day of the incident of cocaine abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1 ] However, central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and ophthalmic artery occlusion have been scarcely reported with the recreational use of cocaine. [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] In this report, we are describing a case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) following intranasal cocaine inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Cocaine Inhalation

Alsarhani

Almater

El‐Asrar

2022

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology

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Cocaine abuse has been reported to cause devastating systemic and ocular side effects. Retinal vascular occlusion following cocaine abuse has been scarcely reported in the literature. Herein, we are describing a rare case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) following intranasal cocaine use in a young female. She presented to the emergency department 1 month after having blurred vision in the left eye, which started 1 day after cocaine nasal inhalation. Fundus examination of the left eye showed an inferotemporal BRAO. In conclusion, cocaine should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinal arterial occlusion in young healthy patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Cocaine Inhalation

Alsarhani

Almater

El‐Asrar

2022

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Cocaine can induce ischemic injury to multiple organ systems, including the eye, via local vasoconstriction, hypertension, vascular injury (eg, vessel-wall weakening and endothelial dysfunction), and induction of a prothrombotic state . Occlusion or infarction of the central retinal artery, cilioretinal artery, ophthalmic artery, and optic nerve have been reported. The patient presented herein demonstrated bilateral enlargement of the foveal avascular zone, most noticeably within the deep capillary plexus, that did not follow the distribution of a single vessel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Enlargement of the Foveal Avascular Zone on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Associated With Cocaine Use

Fortenbach

Modjtahedi

2020

JAMA Ophthalmol

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“…Arterial and/or venous occlusions,291–294 retinal vasculitis,295 amaurosis fugax,295 and Valsalva retinopathy296 have all been associated with cocaine and methamphetamine use/abuse (Fig. 17).…”

Section: Vascular Relatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Systemic Medications on Retinal Function

Somisetty

Santina

Sarraf

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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This study will provide a thorough review of systemic (and select intravitreal) medications, along with illicit drugs that are capable of causing various patterns of retinal toxicity. The diagnosis is established by taking a thorough medication and drug history, and then by pattern recognition of the clinical retinal changes and multimodal imaging features. Examples of all of these types of toxicity will be thoroughly reviewed, including agents that cause retinal pigment epithelial disruption (hydroxychloroquine, thioridazine, pentosan polysulfate sodium, dideoxyinosine), retinal vascular occlusion (quinine, oral contraceptives), cystoid macular edema/retinal edema (nicotinic acid, sulfa-containing medications, taxels, glitazones), crystalline deposition (tamoxifen, canthaxanthin, methoxyflurane), uveitis, miscellaneous, and subjective visual symptoms (digoxin, sildenafil). The impact of newer chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics (tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, checkpoint, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors, and others), will also be thoroughly reviewed. The mechanism of action will be explored in detail when known. When applicable, preventive measures will be discussed, and treatment will be reviewed. Illicit drugs (cannabinoids, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, alkyl nitrite), will also be reviewed in terms of the potential impact on retinal function.

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Bilateral Vascular Occlusions of the Anterior Visual Pathway and Cocaine Abuse

Abstract: The diagnosis of cocaine-related vascular occlusion to the anterior visual pathway may not be considered because physicians are unaware of these ocular side effects.

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Cocaine Inhalation

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Cocaine Inhalation

Bilateral Enlargement of the Foveal Avascular Zone on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Associated With Cocaine Use

The Impact of Systemic Medications on Retinal Function

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