Bile Acids and Microbiome Among Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Volunteers

Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. High bile acid (BA) profiles have been associated with abdominal pain symptoms, mucosal inflammation, and diarrhea in a subgroup of those with IBS. The purpose of this study was to compare: 1) fecal primary and secondary BAs in women with and without IBS; and 2) symptoms, gut microbiome, and diet between women with high and normal BAs (i.e., similar to healthy [HC] women). Women (ages 18–45) with IBS and HCs were recruited from healthcare providers or the community. Participants kept a 28-day symptom diary, completed a 3-day food journal, and collected a stool sample for microbiome analysis (16 S rRNA gene sequencing). Primary and secondary BA levels were determined by mass spectrometry. Primary BAs did not differ between IBS (n = 45) and HC (n = 28) groups; women with IBS had significantly increased conjugated secondary BAs (glycodeoxycholic acid [ p = 0.006], taurodeoxycholic acid [ p = 0.006], and glycolithocholic acid [ p = 0.01]). Sixty percent of women with IBS had normal BAs whereas 40% had high BAs. Women with high fecal BAs were predominantly IBS-Diarrhea or IBS-Mixed and consumed less fiber and vegetable protein and more animal protein compared to women with IBS whose fecal BAs levels were comparable to HCs. Those with high conjugated secondary fecal BAs also had a greater Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, less abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Gemmiger, and more abundance of family Erysipelotrichaceae compared to IBS women with normal BAs. Determination of fecal BA levels provides additional insights into pathophysiological links between diet and microbiome in IBS.

Multi-omics profiles of the intestinal microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome and its bowel habit subtypes

“…Tyramine induces intestinal contraction, mesenteric vasodilation, serotonin release by enterochromaffin cells, and inflammatory response by intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages, potential mechanisms by which it may promote symptoms in IBS [ 58 – 60 ]. Among the other differentially abundant metabolites, IBS was notably characterized by increased levels of many lipids including the bile acid glycodeoxycholate—which was previously reported to be elevated in IBS—and multiple free fatty acids [ 61 ]. Interestingly, IBS-D showed reduced free fatty acids compared to IBS-C.…”

Systematic Survey of the Alteration of the Faecal Microbiota in Rats With Gastrointestinal Disorder and Modulation by Multicomponent Drugs

“…Although tested in faecal sample, the relative abundance of Streptococcacea increased in the GID group, while decreased in GID rats treated with XEFP. At the same time, the similar phenomenon occurred on relative abundance of obesity-associated Erysipelotrichaceae ( Kamp et al, 2021 ) and diet-induced obesity-related Lachnospiraceae ( Zhao et al, 2017 ), which comprise most of the CAGs. In the analysis of the α diversity of the intestinal flora in faecal, a change in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla between the GID model group and treated groups was found, and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla in upper GI is considered to have a close relationship with FD ( Hills et al, 2019 ).…”

Fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of astrovirus infection in a recipient of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a clinical case

“…табл. 2) [17]. После терапии отмечался рост показателей первичной (CA) и особенно вторичной (DCA) желчных кислот, а также повышение концентраций таурин-(TCA, TUDCA) и глицинконъюгированных (GUDCA) желчных кислот (см.…”