Bile Acids, Gut Microbes, and the Neighborhood Food Environment—a Potential Driver of Colorectal Cancer Health Disparities

Wolf, Patricia G.; Byrd, Doratha A; Cares, Kate; Dai, Hanchu; Odoms-Young, Angela; Gaskins, H. Rex; Ridlon, Jason M.; Tussing‐Humphreys, Lisa

doi:10.1128/msystems.01174-21

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The GM has been shown to play a role in the etiology of numerous diseases that American Indians experience at disproportionate rates [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], including cardiovascular disease [28], irritable bowel syndrome [29], colorectal cancer [6], diabetes [30], and obesity [31]. Diet exerts a strong influence on GM composition [4,32], yet suboptimal retail food environments can present barriers to obtaining the variety and quality of foods needed to support vital GM functions [5][6][7]. The results of our study indicate limited availability of GM-enhancing foods within the retail food environment of the C&A TJA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food environments and gut microbiome health: availability of healthy foods, alcohol, and tobacco in a rural Oklahoma tribal community

Jervis

Bray

Cox³

et al. 2022

Discov Food

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Background Prior research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiomes may contribute to elevated health risks among American Indians. Diet plays a key role in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome, yet suboptimal food environments within American Indian communities make obtaining nutritious food difficult. Objective This project characterizes the retail food environment within a rural tribal community, focused on the availability of foods that enhance the health and diversity of the gut microbiome, as well as products that reduce microbiome health (alcohol and tobacco). Design Audits were conducted of all retail stores that sell food within nine communities within the Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribal Jurisdictional Area in western Oklahoma. Main measures Freedman Grocery Store Survey. Key results Alcohol and tobacco were generally far more available in stores than foods that support a healthy gut microbiome, including fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grain bread. Out of the four store types identified in the study area, only supermarkets and small grocers offered a wide variety of healthy foods needed to support microbiota diversity. Supermarkets sold the greatest variety of healthy foods but could only be found in the larger communities. Convenience stores and dollar stores made up 75% of outlets in the study area and offered few options for maintaining microbiome health. Convenience stores provided the only food source in one-third of the communities. With the exception of small grocers, alcohol and tobacco products were widely stocked across all store types. Conclusions The retail food environment in the Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribal Jurisdictional Area offered limited opportunities for maintaining a healthy and diverse microbiome, particularly within smaller rural communities. Additional research is needed to explore the relationship between food environment, dietary intake, and microbiome composition. Interventions are called for to increase the availability of “microbe-friendly” foods (e.g., fresh produce, plant protein, fermented and high fiber foods) in stores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food environments and gut microbiome health: availability of healthy foods, alcohol, and tobacco in a rural Oklahoma tribal community

Jervis

Bray

Cox³

et al. 2022

Discov Food

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“…Although fermentation of amino acids contributes less than 1% of the microbial derived intestinal SCFAs, in the carbohydrate-depleted distal colon, proteolytic fermentation by specialist bacteria leads to the release of toxic metabolites including ammonia, phenols and sulphides. This may increase the risk of rectosigmoid CRC in high-red meat, low-fibre diets [ 15 , 163 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 ]. Maintenance of normal gut mucosal integrity and cellular tight gap junctions is important in minimizing absorption and portal circulation of harmful gut-derived metabolites (e.g., microbial LPS, bile acids) which are implicated in NASH, HCC and T2DM [ 101 , 144 , 162 , 173 ].…”

Section: Gut Diet and Intestinal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may increase the risk of rectosigmoid CRC in high-red meat, low-fibre diets [ 15 , 163 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 ]. Maintenance of normal gut mucosal integrity and cellular tight gap junctions is important in minimizing absorption and portal circulation of harmful gut-derived metabolites (e.g., microbial LPS, bile acids) which are implicated in NASH, HCC and T2DM [ 101 , 144 , 162 , 173 ]. Other dietary protective factors are Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors, which are heat-resistant plant proteins in legumes and cereals.…”

Section: Gut Diet and Intestinal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review

2023

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The present study aims to provide a narrative review of the molecular mechanisms of Western diet-induced obesity and obesity-related carcinogenesis. A literature search of the Cochrane Library, Embase and Pubmed databases, Google Scholar and the grey literature was conducted. Most of the molecular mechanisms that induce obesity are also involved in the twelve Hallmarks of Cancer, with the fundamental process being the consumption of a highly processed, energy-dense diet and the deposition of fat in white adipose tissue and the liver. The generation of crown-like structures, with macrophages surrounding senescent or necrotic adipocytes or hepatocytes, leads to a perpetual state of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperinsulinaemia, aromatase activity, activation of oncogenic pathways and loss of normal homeostasis. Metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition, HIF-1α signalling, angiogenesis and loss of normal host immune-surveillance are particularly important. Obesity-associated carcinogenesis is closely related to metabolic syndrome, hypoxia, visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, oestrogen synthesis and detrimental cytokine, adipokine and exosomal miRNA release. This is particularly important in the pathogenesis of oestrogen-sensitive cancers, including breast, endometrial, ovarian and thyroid cancer, but also ‘non-hormonal’ obesity-associated cancers such as cardio-oesophageal, colorectal, renal, pancreatic, gallbladder and hepatocellular adenocarcinoma. Effective weight loss interventions may improve the future incidence of overall and obesity-associated cancer.

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“…"Structural Violence, the Gut Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer Health Disparities". Dr. Lisa Tussing-Humphreys, Ph.D., M.S., R.D., Associate Professor of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, and Program Leader, UI Cancer Center's Cancer Prevention and Control Program, focuses on the intersection of microbial communities in the gut, structural inequality, and subsequent health disparities in colorectal cancer risk and outcomes [55,56]. "The Urban Wastewater Microbiome".…”

Section: Session 4: Social and Environmental Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It covered useful content, allowed them to accomplish other work-oriented goals simultaneously (i.e., work on writing projects as part of the symposium), and provided an aspect of a conference that was not already being offered by other conference venues. Indeed, providing research content and information was also cited as important but less necessary, as MSE has generated two years' worth of speaker series talk recordings[12,84] and papers[3,14,43,55,[85][86][87], already available to symposium attendees.We learned that most people registered for only one session, indicating that we needed to advertise to non-overlapping audiences for each session. There were large increases in registration in response to social media and email campaigns, but most people who registered months ahead of the event did not attend.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing the Microbes and Social Equity Symposium: A Novel Interdisciplinary Virtual Research Conference Based on Achieving Group-Directed Outputs

et al. 2022

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The Microbes and Social Equity working group was formed in 2020 to foster conversations on research, education, and policy related to how microorganisms connect to personal, societal, and environmental health, and to provide space and guidance for action. In 2021, we designed our first virtual symposium to convene researchers already working in these areas for more guided discussions. The symposium organizing team had never planned a research event of this scale or style, and this perspective piece details that process and our reflections. The goals were to (1) convene interdisciplinary audiences around topics involving microbiomes and health, (2) stimulate conversation around a selected list of paramount research topics, and (3) leverage the disciplinary and professional diversity of the group to create meaningful agendas and actionable items for attendees to continue to engage with after the meeting. Sixteen co-written documents were created during the symposium which contained ideas and resources, or identified barriers and solutions to creating equity in ways which would promote beneficial microbial interactions. The most remarked-upon aspect was the working time in the breakout rooms built into the schedule. MSE members agreed that in future symposia, providing interactive workshops, training, or collaborative working time would provide useful content, a novel conference activity, and allow attendees to accomplish other work-oriented goals simultaneously.

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Bile Acids, Gut Microbes, and the Neighborhood Food Environment—a Potential Driver of Colorectal Cancer Health Disparities

Abstract: Bile acids (BAs) facilitate nutrient digestion and absorption and act as signaling molecules in a number of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Expansion of the BA pool and increased exposure to microbial BA metabolites has been associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.

Cited by 11 publications

References 106 publications

Food environments and gut microbiome health: availability of healthy foods, alcohol, and tobacco in a rural Oklahoma tribal community

Food environments and gut microbiome health: availability of healthy foods, alcohol, and tobacco in a rural Oklahoma tribal community

Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review

Designing the Microbes and Social Equity Symposium: A Novel Interdisciplinary Virtual Research Conference Based on Achieving Group-Directed Outputs

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