Bile Acids Induce Ileal Damage During Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Halpern, Melissa D.; Holubec, Hana; Saunders, Tara A.; Dvorak, Katerina; Clark, Jessica; Doelle, Sarah M.; Ballatori, Nazzareno; Dvořák, Bohuslav

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.10.023

Cited by 90 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…1). Intermediate scores of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 were also utilized to more accurately assess levels of ileal damage when necessary (15,26). To determine incidence of NEC, animals with histological scores of less than 2 have not developed NEC; animals with histological scores of 2 or greater have developed NEC (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium bifidum improves intestinal integrity in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis

Khailová¹,

Dvorak

Arganbright³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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159

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium bifidum improves intestinal integrity in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis

Khailová¹,

Dvorak

Arganbright³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

Self Cite

168

159

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“…Pups were either hand-fed with cow's milk-based rat milk substitute formula (NEC) using nonsterile feeding catheters or DF. To induce experimental NEC, rat pups from both experimental groups were stressed twice daily with asphyxia (breathing 100% nitrogen gas for 60 s) followed by cold (4ºC for 10 min) (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). All experimental measurements were performed at least 12 h after the last asphyxia/cold stress exposure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, severe hypoxia or longer duration of ischemic time is necessary to generate tissue damage. Using our established NEC model (14,16,17), we determined that intestinal blood flow, assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry, is reduced in the NEC group as early as 2 d after initiating stress. In contrast, no significant change in blood flow was seen in stressed DF rats throughout the experiment period, suggesting that hypoxia and hypothermia by themselves are unable to create sustained impairment of blood flow in the neonatal ileum.…”

Section: Changes In Intestinal Microcirculation In Nec Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Microcirculatory Dysfunction During the Development of Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intestinal microcirculation during necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and to examine the effect of endothelin (ET)-1 on the intestinal microcirculation. Prematurely born rats were either hand-fed formula (NEC) or dam fed (DF) and were exposed to asphyxia and cold stress twice daily to induce disease. At 0, 2, 3, and 4 d after the birth, the microcirculation in the ileum was examined using in vivo microscopic methods. The nutritive microvascular perfusion in the NEC group was progressively compromised from d 3 to d 4 (35% and 50% decrease, respectively) when compared with DF rats. Concomitantly, intestinal blood flow assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry was significantly reduced at d 2, 3, and 4 (by 31%, 36%, and 73%, respectively). Levels of ET-1 mRNA in the ileum were increased 3.7-fold. Microvascular responses to topically applied ET-1 were significantly increased in the NEC group, which was associated with decreased expression of ET B receptor. These results suggest that microcirculatory dysfunction in the distal ileum of neonatal rats with NEC contributes to disease progression and that enhanced microvascular responsiveness to ET-1 may participate in these microcirculatory disturbances. (Pediatr Res 61: 180-184, 2007)

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“…3 Accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids in the ileal lumen is a critical component for development of NEC in a neonatal rat model. 12 Premature infants have highly immunoreactive intestinal mucosa, which probably predisposes them to intestinal injury. An excessive inflammation in response to intestinal stimuli is a component of the pathogenesis of NEC.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants receiving thickened feeds using SimplyThick®

et al. 2012

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SimplyThick s (ST) has been safely used as a thickener to treat adults who have dysphagia, but the safety of this product has not been studied in premature infants. Xanthan gum is the ingredient in ST that results in thickening and also is an effective laxative. We recently began using ST to treat premature infants with dysphagia and/or gastroesophageal reflux. We describe three cases of premature infants who developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) after they were fed ST. Unlike classic NEC, all three cases presented with late-onset colonic NEC.

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Bile Acids Induce Ileal Damage During Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Abstract: Background & Aims-Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency of premature infants. While the effect of bile acids (BAs) on intestinal mucosal injury is known, we investigated the contribution of BAs during the development of NEC in neonatal rats.

Cited by 90 publications

References 57 publications

Bifidobacterium bifidum improves intestinal integrity in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis

Bifidobacterium bifidum improves intestinal integrity in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis

Intestinal Microcirculatory Dysfunction During the Development of Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Development of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants receiving thickened feeds using SimplyThick®

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