Bile as a complementary matrix for methamphetamine testing, an autopsy case of methamphetamine poisoning

Kinoshita, Hiroaki; Takakura, Ana C.; Kumihashi, Mitsuru; Jamal, Mostofa; Tsutsui, Kiyoyuki; Kimura, Satoshi; Ameno, Kiyoshi; Matsubara, Saburo; Tanaka, N

doi:10.4323/rjlm.2019.379

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The influence of the location of death on drug concentrations, whether in indoor residences or in an outdoor setting, has rarely been discussed for amphetamine-related postmortem cases. In previous reports, the median BN amphetamine concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 0.38 mg/L in indoor cases and from 0.10 to 0.27 mg/L in outdoor cases [34,42]. In the current investigation, the median amphetamine concentrations in different bodily fluids were higher in outdoor cases than indoor cases (Table 1), which is consistent with other reports [33,41].…”

Section: Location Of Deathssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…There is no previous report of bile concentration in amphetamine-related deaths. However, it has been reported as a methamphetamine metabolite; in these reports, the ratios of amphetamine concentrations in bile to blood have ranged 1-5 fold [29,31,42]. In the current study, a higher ratio of amphetamine concentration in bile to BN was also observed (range: 1-46 fold) compared to previous reports, which may indicate that users in the current study were chronic amphetamine users.…”

Section: Multiple Specimenscontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Bile is used to identify chronic users [42]. There is no previous report of bile concentration in amphetamine-related deaths.…”

Section: Multiple Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Mortem Quantitation of Amphetamine in Cadaveric Fluids in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2022

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Amphetamine abuse is a known problem in Saudi Arabia; it is estimated that 40% of drug abusers misuse amphetamines. Here, our aim was to perform an up-to-date epidemiological study of amphetamine-related postmortem cases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in which 235 postmortem cases were included. The largest number of cases was recorded for the groups aged between 31 and 40 years (86 cases) and the lowest number of cases was recorded for the group aged between 61 and 70 years old (5 cases). Amphetamine was co-ingested with other drug(s) in 55% of the total cases (blood with sodium fluoride (BN), median, 0.3 mg/L). Approximately 23% of all deaths were due to other co-ingested drugs (BN, median, 0.2 mg/L). Amphetamines alone were detected in 107 cases, (BN, median, 0.5 mg/L). Amphetamine was the sole cause of death in 16% of the studied cases (BN, median, 1.0 mg/L). The combination of amphetamine and a pre-existing disease were observed in 9.4% of all deaths (BN, median, 0.7 mg/L). The causes of death were determined to be accidental in the majority (47%) of cases, homicides in 26% of cases, suicides in 11% of cases, and unknown in 7% of cases. This is the first discussion of the amphetamine concentration in bile in amphetamine-related deaths, the relationship between amphetamine concentration in different bodily fluids, and the amphetamine concentration in putrefied corpses. This study concluded that amphetamine abuse in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, increased over 400% between 2012 and 2018, and 41% of these cases involved violence. This result also suggests that preventive programs targeting youth and adolescent students are required to keep schools and universities free from drugs, especially amphetamines.

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