Bile Composition - which Components Can Have Clinical Significance? A Review of the Literature

Podgórski, Paweł Bartłomiej; Przybyłkowski, Adam; Nehring, Piotr

doi:10.15403/jgld-4634

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Traditional culture techniques suggested that the biliary tract was sterile, but metagenomic analysis using pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed a diverse bacterial population in the biliary system [ 20 , 32 , 33 ]. This microbial population seems to originate from the gut, and its imbalance or dysbiosis has been associated with inflammatory and malignant biliary diseases [ 11 , 20 , 34 , 35 ]. Some evidence for this link is the presence of bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter bilis ) in gallstones, the production of autoantibodies against biliary epithelial cell proteins that have molecular mimicry with bacterial proteins in primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis, and the overgrowth of specific enteric bacteria in cholangiocarcinoma [ 16 , 36 – 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to plasma biomarkers, bile components may provide useful information for diagnosing biliary tract diseases. Recent investigations have explored the possibility of using specific bile salts, proteins, nucleic acids, fatty acids, or microbiome-derived products as biomarkers [ 34 ]. In this context, we found that the bile level of corisin was significantly elevated in AC patients with severe disease compared to non-severe AC patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated plasma and bile levels of corisin, a microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptide, in patients with severe acute cholangitis

Nishiwaki,

Imoto,

Oka

et al. 2023

Gut Pathog

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Background Acute cholangitis is a severe, life-threatening infection of the biliary system that requires early diagnosis and treatment. The Tokyo Guidelines recommend a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings for diagnosis and severity assessment, but there are still challenges in identifying severe cases that need immediate intervention. The microbiota and its derived products have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute cholangitis. Corisin is a microbiome-derived peptide that induces cell apoptosis, acute tissue injury, and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of plasma and bile corisin as a biomarker of acute cholangitis. Methods Forty patients with acute cholangitis associated with choledocholithiasis or malignant disease were enrolled. Nine patients without acute cholangitis were used as controls. Corisin was measured by enzyme immunoassays in plasma and bile samples. Patients were classified into severe and non-severe groups. The associations of plasma and bile corisin with the clinical grade of acute cholangitis and other parameters were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results Plasma and bile corisin levels were significantly higher in patients with acute cholangitis than in controls. Patients with severe acute cholangitis had significantly higher plasma and bile corisin levels than those with non-severe form of the disease. Bile corisin level was significantly correlated with markers of inflammation, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and renal function. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association of bile corisin but a weak association of plasma corisin with the clinical grade of acute cholangitis. In contrast, multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between plasma corisin level and the disease clinical grade. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed low sensitivity but high specificity for plasma and bile corisin to detect the severity of acute cholangitis. The plasma and bile corisin sensitivity was increased when serum C-reactive protein level was included in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Conclusions Overall, these findings suggest that plasma and bile corisin levels may be useful biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring acute cholangitis and that corisin may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease by modulating inflammatory, coagulation and renal pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated plasma and bile levels of corisin, a microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptide, in patients with severe acute cholangitis

Nishiwaki,

Imoto,

Oka

et al. 2023

Gut Pathog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The construction of a prognostic model by apoptosis-related genes to predict survival, immune landscape, and medication in cholangiocarcinoma

Shen,

Shi,

et al. 2024

Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology

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Review on bile dynamics and microfluidic-based component detection: Advancing the understanding of bilestone pathogenesis in the biliary tract

Peng,

Zhou,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Biomicrofluidics

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Bilestones are solid masses found in the gallbladder or biliary tract, which block the normal bile flow and eventually result in severe life-threatening complications. Studies have shown that bilestone formation may be related to bile flow dynamics and the concentration level of bile components. The bile flow dynamics in the biliary tract play a critical role in disclosing the mechanism of bile stasis and transportation. The concentration of bile composition is closely associated with processes such as nucleation and crystallization. Recently, microfluidic-based biosensors have been favored for multiple advantages over traditional benchtop detection assays for their less sample consumption, portability, low cost, and high sensitivity for real-time detection. Here, we reviewed the developments in bile dynamics study and microfluidics-based bile component detection methods. These studies may provide valuable insights into the bilestone formation mechanisms and better treatment, alongside our opinions on the future development of in vitro lithotriptic drug screening of bilestones and bile characterization tests.

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Bile Composition - which Components Can Have Clinical Significance? A Review of the Literature

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Elevated plasma and bile levels of corisin, a microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptide, in patients with severe acute cholangitis

Elevated plasma and bile levels of corisin, a microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptide, in patients with severe acute cholangitis

The construction of a prognostic model by apoptosis-related genes to predict survival, immune landscape, and medication in cholangiocarcinoma

Review on bile dynamics and microfluidic-based component detection: Advancing the understanding of bilestone pathogenesis in the biliary tract

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