Biliary excretion of 203Hg, 64Cu, 52Mn, and 210Pb in the rat

Cikrt, M.

doi:10.1136/oem.29.1.74

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These latter results are consistent with studies in humans (33), monkeys (31), and rodents (34)(35)(36), and collectively demonstrate that endogenous fecal excretion is significant as a route of Pb elimination from the body. Effects of succimer on BPb level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Oral succimer decreases the gastrointestinal absorption of lead in juvenile monkeys.

Cremin

Luck

Laughlin

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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Although succimer (Chemet, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA) is considered to be a safe and effective chelating agent for the treatment of lead poisoning in humans, there is concern that it may increase the gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and retention of Pb from exposures suffered concurrent with treatment. This concern is justified because the availability of Pb-safe housing during outpatient treatment with oral succimer is limited. We used a juvenile nonhuman primate model of moderate childhood Pb intoxication and a sensitive double stable Pb isotope tracer methodology to determine whether oral succimer chelation affects the GI absorption and whole-body retention of Pb. Infant rhesus monkeys (n = 17) were exposed to Pb daily for 1 year postpartum to reach and maintain a target blood lead (BPb) level of 35-40 microg/dL. Animals were administered succimer (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 8) over two successive 19 day succimer treatment regimens beginning at 53 and 65 weeks of age. The present study was conducted over the second chelation regimen only. Animals received a single intravenous (iv) dose of stable (204)Pb tracer (5 microg, 24.5 nmol) followed by a single oral dose of stable (206)Pb tracer (72.6 microg, 352 nmol) immediately before chelation, in order to specifically evaluate GI Pb absorption and whole-body Pb retention with treatment. We collected complete urine and fecal samples over the first 5 days and whole blood over the first 8 days of treatment for analyses of stable Pb isotopes using magnetic sector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results indicate that succimer significantly reduced the GI absorption of Pb (vehicle, 64.9% +/- 5.5; succimer, 37.0% +/- 5.8; mean +/- SEM). Succimer also significantly increased the urinary excretion of endogenous Pb by approximately 4-fold over the vehicle treatment, while endogenous fecal Pb excretion was decreased by approximately 33%. Finally, although succimer reduced the whole-body retention of endogenous Pb by approximately 10% compared to vehicle, the majority (77%) of the administered internal dose of Pb tracer was retained in the body when assessed after 5 days of treatment. These data do not support the concern that succimer treatment increases GI Pb absorption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Oral succimer decreases the gastrointestinal absorption of lead in juvenile monkeys.

Cremin

Luck

Laughlin

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Respecting differences in the flow rate of the bile [1,8] the iron content determined in this study is in the same order of magnitude as found by Cikrt et al [3]. There were no data about the transferrin content in rat bile available to us; in human bile from the upper common bile duct the albumin as well as the transferrin concentration was found to differ by no more than 3 times from the values determined in this study in rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In the attempt to conceptualize the knowledge in this field, interest has been concentrated on iron binding proteins in the small intestine, among others on transferrin. For transferrin, three possible sites of interaction with iron absorption are discussed: (1) in the intestinal lumen and in the brush border membrane, (2) inside the enterocyte, and (3) in the interstitial spaces of the mucosa and the basolateral membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron absorption and biliary excretion of transferrin in rats

1986

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The content of transferrin, albumin, and iron was determined in plasma and bile from normal and iron-deficient rats. In the plasma as well as in the bile there is a decrease of iron and an increase of transferrin due to iron depletion, whereas the albumin level remains constant. No significant difference of iron contents in plasma and bile was found, but the content of transferrin and albumin in bile was markedly lower than in the plasma. Thus, in the bile the iron content substantially exceeded the binding capacity of transferrin. The ratio between transferrin and albumin was the same in bile as in blood which argues for a bulk transfer of plasma proteins into the bile.

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“…For metals most of the knowledge on biliary excretion comes from experiments with rats (Klaassen, 1976;Cikrt, 1972Cikrt, , 1989. The excretion of metals into faeces occurs mainly via the bile and to a lesser extent via the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of heavy metals from sediment to fish, and their biliary excretion

Andreasson

Dave

1995

Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health

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Uptake and biliary excretion of metals were studied in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed through spiked sediment to a mixture of seven heavy metals. Metal concentrations and toxicity of bile and blood plasma were used as indicators of exposure. Among the seven metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) only three (Cu, Hg, and Pb) were concentrated in the bile (bile-plasma ratio >1). Bile-plasma ratios in the rainbow trout were similar to those found in rats for Cu and Hg. Daphnia magna bioassays were used to determine toxicity of bile and blood plasma in the same trout. Toxicity of bile and blood plasma increased after treatment with acid. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that toxicity of bile and blood plasma to D. magna in metal-exposed trout was significantly correlated with (1) bile and blood plasma test concentration, (2) acid treatment of bile and blood plasma (hydrolysis of metal-plasma and metal-bile complexes) and (3) sediment concentration of metals during exposure of trout. In order to significantly detect the magnitude of the exposure to a xenobiotic the biomarker must respond in a dose-or time-dependent manner. Therefore, the potential use of bile toxicity as a biomarker of heavy metal exposure in fish is probably limited by the low bioconcentration of many of these toxicants in bile.

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Biliary excretion of 203Hg, 64Cu, 52Mn, and 210Pb in the rat

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Oral succimer decreases the gastrointestinal absorption of lead in juvenile monkeys.

Oral succimer decreases the gastrointestinal absorption of lead in juvenile monkeys.

Iron absorption and biliary excretion of transferrin in rats

Transfer of heavy metals from sediment to fish, and their biliary excretion

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