This work deals with the dynamics of higher-order rogue waves in a new integrable (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation governing the evolution of high and steep gravity water waves. To achieve this objective, we construct rogue wave solutions by employing Bell polynomial and Hirota’s bilinearization method, along with the generalized polynomial function. Through the obtained rogue wave solutions, we explore the impact of various system and solution parameters in their dynamics. Primarily, these parameters determine the characteristics of rogue waves, including the identification of their type, bright or dark type doubly-localized rogue wave structures and spatially localized rational solitons, and manipulation of their amplitude, depth, and width. Reported results will be encouraging to the studies on the rogue waves in higher dimensional systems as well as to experimental investigations on the controlling mechanism of rogue waves in optical systems, atomic condensates, and deep water oceanic waves.