Bilingualism and Aphasia

Paradis, Michel

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-746303-2.50008-7

Cited by 247 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Both frontal and temporoparietal lesions that disturb only written, and not oral, language have been frequently reported (Benson, 1977) though under the textbook model this deficit (at least for temporoparietal lesions) has been ascribed to disconnection of language from the visual cortical areas (Geschwind, 1970). Moreover, lesion studies have indicated separate areas for handling different languages, because there are lesions in polyglots that leave only one of their multiple languages intact, one that may not even be the mother tongue, the language most frequently used by the subject, or the language of the subject's environment (Paradis, 1977). Separate areas are also present for handling different grammatical classes of words, as indicated by lesions disturbing only the use of "closed-class" words in syntax (Goodglass, 1976) or only the naming of specific semantic categories, such as "fruits" (Hart et al, 1985) or "animals" but not "tools" (Damasio, 1990).…”

Section: Compartmentalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical organization of language

1991

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Recent data obtained by various methods of clinical investigations suggest an organization of language in the human brain involving compartmentalization into separate systems subserving different language functions. Each system includes multiple essential areas localized in the frontal and temporoparietal cortex of the dominant hemisphere, as well as widely dispersed neurons. All components of a system are activated in parallel, possibly by ascending thalamocortical circuits. The features peculiar to cerebral language organization include not only the lateralization of essential areas to one hemisphere, but also a substantial variance in the individual patterns of localization within that hemisphere, a variance that in part relates to individual differences in verbal skills.

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Section: Compartmentalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical organization of language

1991

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“…This limitation notwithstanding, functional and neuroanatomical dissociations can be firmly established by considering overall patterns as revealed by raw/mean scores or qualitative observations across case studies, even in the absence of statistical validation. For examples, see the works of Paradis (1977;1989) on bilingual aphasia, and Capitani, Laiacona et al (2003) on semantic category-specific deficits.…”

Section: Translation Disorders Due To Brain Lesions: a Comprehensive mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translating with an Injured Brain: Neurolinguistic Aspects of Translation as Revealed by Bilinguals with Cerebral Lesions

García

2015

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Despite significant progress in the psycholinguistic study of translation, research on its neurological underpinnings has been limited and sparse. Translation scholars have recently taken an interest in relevant neuroscientific evidence, focusing on imaging studies. This paper addresses the issue by considering an equally important body of data: clinical evidence. Specifically, a hypothesis-driven analysis is offered of 21 cases of brain-lesioned bilinguals exhibiting translation disorders. Three neurofunctional and three neuroanatomical hypotheses are derived from the Revised Hierarchical Model and the Declarative/Procedural Model, respectively. Consistent with relevant predictions, the evidence suggests that there are neurofunctionally independent routes for translation, as opposed to monolingual speech production; backward, as opposed to forward, translation; and form-based, as opposed to conceptually mediated, translation. Available data further indicates that word and sentence translation are critically subserved by posterior brain areas implicated in declarative memory, and by frontobasal areas implicated in procedural memory, respectively. In addition, translation routes appear to be entirely left-lateralized.Malgré les progrès dans l’étude psycholinguistique de la traduction, l’exploration de ses bases cérébrales s’avère limitée et dispersée. La traductologie a commencé à s’intéresser aux données neuroscientifiques pertinentes en se focalisant sur des études d’imagerie cérébrale. Pour aborder la question, cet article considère une source de renseignements également importante : les données cliniques. En particulier, la présente revue offre une interprétation de 21 cas de patients cérébrolésés bilingues avec troubles de la traduction. Trois hypothèses neurofonctionnelles et trois hypothèses neuroanatomiques sont proposées à partir du modèle hiérarchique et du modèle déclaratif/procédural, respectivement. En faveur des prédictions pertinentes, les données suggèrent qu’il y a des voies neurofonctionnelles indépendantes pour la traduction et la production verbale unilingue ; pour la traduction directe et la traduction inversée ; et pour la traduction au niveau formel et au niveau conceptuel. De plus, les données indiquent que la traduction de mots et de phrases dépendent de régions cérébrales postérieures impliquées dans la mémoire déclarative, et de régions frontobasales impliquées dans la mémoire procédurale, respectivement. Aussi, les voies de traduction semblent être localisées exclusivement dans l’hémisphère gauche

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“…Com relação à dissociação, e considerando as técnicas e teorias da época na qual Durand realizou seu estudo experimental, gostaríamos de salientar a admiração que suscita seu trabalho pioneiro. Entretanto, diferentemente dos distúrbios de linguagem em bilíngües que podem ser diferentes quanto à conservação ou à evolução de uma das línguas conhecidas pelo paciente, evidenciando representações cerebrais distintas (para uma revisão sobre bilingüismo e afasia, ver Paradis, 1977 e Paradis e , não acreditamos que a diferença entre a fala francesa e inglesa no Senhor Delfrique represente uma "dissociação". O mais provável é que um distúrbio da fala, que possui como uma das características salientes à pronúncia de segmentos que evocam ditongos, seja mais perceptível na língua em que esses fonemas são mais freqüentes.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified