Biliovenous Fistula

Effect of Bile on Hemodynamics and Blood Micro-Rheological Parameters in Experimental Models of Bilhemia

“…Bilhemia is not a common condition, but its exact prevalence is not known, as milder forms of the condition are unlikely to be recognized, diagnosed, or recorded, and there is no information on the mortality rates. Bilhemia can be a rare side effect of bile duct stones [2], and the typical common bile duct pressure, which ranges from 10-15 to 20 mmHg (when the sphincter of Oddi contracts), is involved in its pathogenesis. Bilhemia was first documented in 1559, and about 100 instances have been described since then, with bradycardia and a decrease in blood pressure.…”

“…Bilhemia was first documented in 1559, and about 100 instances have been described since then, with bradycardia and a decrease in blood pressure. It is important to differentiate bilhemia from hemobilia, which is bleeding into the biliary tract caused by a fistula connecting the bile duct to the hepatic blood vessels [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Because of the high pressure within the arterial system, in normal circumstances bilhemia is not possible in the presence of an arterial-biliary fistula [2,[8][9][10].…”

“…The most frequent cause of bilio-venous fistulas (BVFs) is severe liver trauma [2,11]. A rare side effect of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is likewise a BVF [12].…”