Biliverdin in Biological Systems

Cornelius, Charles E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61749-2_28

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This concentration is extraordinarily high in comparison to other vertebrates in which biliverdin is generally not detected in the blood. Only in severe human pathological conditions, such as malignancy, infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis, or stenosis of the bile duct, have similar biliverdin levels been observed in the blood (Cornelius, 1984;Greenberg et al, 1971;Fenech et al, 1967). Analysis of the bile of C. analis showed that biliverdin was the major bile pigment excreted (Fang & Bada, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A special pattern of haem catabolism in a marine fish, Clinocottus analis, with green blood plasma

Fang

Bada

1988

Journal of Fish Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mechanism responsible for the green colouration of blood plasma in the marine fish Clinocotm onalis was studied. Biliverdin in the blood of this fish is unconjugated and is tightly bound to albumin-like proteins. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds contributed more than electrostatic interactions to the binding between the bile pigment and the carrier protein. This special biliverdin-protein complex was not metabolized by biliverdin reductase. and prevented the further metabolism or excretion of the bile pigment. This accounts for the normal green colouration of the blood plasma in this fish.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A special pattern of haem catabolism in a marine fish, Clinocottus analis, with green blood plasma

Fang

Bada

1988

Journal of Fish Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, most of the mammals and some other vertebrates excrete bilirubin as the main end-product of heme catabolism. Among the mammals, biliverdin is excreted as the only bile pigment by sloths and anteaters and as the principal end-product by, e.g., a nutria (90%) and a rabbit (60-70%) [37]. In spite of the lack of uniformity in the world of animals, it can be assumed that biliverdin reductase evolved because it brought some benefits to the organism.…”

Section: Is Bilirubin Only a Toxic Waste Product?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Faces of Heme Catabolic Pathway in Newborns: A Potential Role of Bilirubin and Carbon Monoxide in Neonatal Inflammatory Diseases

Osiak

Wątroba²,

Kapka‐Skrzypczak

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In an infant’s body, all the systems undergo significant changes in order to adapt to the new, extrauterine environment and challenges which it poses. Fragile homeostasis can be easily disrupted as the defensive mechanisms are yet imperfect. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, is low; therefore, neonates are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Free radical burden significantly contributes to neonatal illnesses such as sepsis, retinopathy of premature, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or leukomalacia. However, newborns have an important ally—an inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which expression rises rapidly in response to stress stimuli. HO-1 activity leads to production of carbon monoxide (CO), free iron ion, and biliverdin; the latter is promptly reduced to bilirubin. Although CO and bilirubin used to be considered noxious by-products, new interesting properties of those compounds are being revealed. Bilirubin proved to be an efficient free radicals scavenger and modulator of immune responses. CO affects a vast range of processes such as vasodilatation, platelet aggregation, and inflammatory reactions. Recently, developed nanoparticles consisting of PEGylated bilirubin as well as several kinds of molecules releasing CO have been successfully tested on animal models of inflammatory diseases. This paper focuses on the role of heme metabolites and their potential utility in prevention and treatment of neonatal diseases.

show abstract

“…Little is known about the metabolism and function of the plasma pigments in any species . Considering that blue‐green plasma has been described in humans with severe hyperbiliverdinemia, can the blue‐green plasma of frogs and other species simply reflect hyperbiliverdinemia?…”

Section: Blue Blood Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Once in a blue moon: Lipid keratopathy and intrastromal hemorrhage in a Mission golden‐eyed tree frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix)

Moore

Gjeltema

2019

Veterinary Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mimicking natural anuran biology is a major challenge faced in the husbandry management of frogs, and the quandary of lipid keratopathy in frogs under human care has plagued keepers and practitioners for decades. Unlike corneal lipid dystrophy or lipidosis secondary to degeneration, where there is limited or no vascular in-growth or inflammatory response, lipid keratopathies are associated with vascularization, most often following the appearance of lipid. Hemorrhage from stromal neovascularization has not been described in a frog; however, the presence of vessels in lipid keratopathy certainly heralds the possibility. We report a rather unique case of lipid keratopathy in a 6-year-old female Mission golden-eyed tree frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix) that not only had concurrent intrastromal hemorrhage, but blue plasmoid staining of the corneal stroma. Current views on both the function of blue plasma in several species and lipid keratopathy are briefly discussed. Overall, evidence suggests that the cause of lipid keratopathy is probably multifactorial and will not successfully be rectified until anuran biology and husbandry are better understood.

show abstract

Biliverdin in Biological Systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 71 publications

A special pattern of haem catabolism in a marine fish, Clinocottus analis, with green blood plasma

A special pattern of haem catabolism in a marine fish, Clinocottus analis, with green blood plasma

Two Faces of Heme Catabolic Pathway in Newborns: A Potential Role of Bilirubin and Carbon Monoxide in Neonatal Inflammatory Diseases

Once in a blue moon: Lipid keratopathy and intrastromal hemorrhage in a Mission golden‐eyed tree frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About