Bimetallic Catalysts for Isomerization of Alkanes (A Review)

Khalaf, Younus H.; Sherhan, Bashir Y.; Shakor, Zaidoon M.; Al-Sheikh, Farooq

doi:10.1134/s0965544123050079

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

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“…It was then proposed that H + serves as the acidic site for the n-alkane isomerization [22]. In addition, it has been documented that adding a small percentage of metal can enhance the Lewis acidity of catalysts [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Behavior of Sulfate-Treated Nanostructured Bifunctional Zirconium Oxide Catalysts in n-Heptane Hydroisomerization Reactions

Khalil,

Al-Zaidi,

Shakor

et al. 2023

ChemEngineering

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In this study, a mono-functional ZrO2 nanomaterial was treated with sulfur and loaded with two different percentages of platinum metals (i.e., 0.5 and 1 wt%) to generate an acidic bi-functional Pt/SZrO2 nanocatalyst for the purpose of increasing the catalytic activity and selectivity together. This work aims to determine the least amount of the costly platinum metal that can be added to the catalyst to achieve the appropriate balance between the acidic and metallic sites. Both rapid deactivation of the super-acid nanaocatalyst and fast cleavage of the zero-octane n-heptane chain can consequently be prevented throughout the reaction. This can be achieved by accelerating the hydroisomerization reactions at a pressure of 5 bar to reach the highest selectivity towards producing the desired multi-branched compound in fuel. Several characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and FTIR, have been used to evaluate the physical properties of the catalysts. The best reaction product was obtained at 230 °C compared to the other tested temperatures. The conversion, selectivity, and yield of reaction products over the surfaces of the prepared catalysts followed this order: 0.5 wt% Pt/SZrO2 > 1 wt% Pt/SZrO2 > 0.5 wt% Pt/ZrO2 > 1 wt% Pt/ZrO2 > SZrO2 > ZrO2. The highest conversion, selectivity, and yield values were obtained on the surface of the 0.5 wt% Pt/SZrO2 catalyst, which are 69.64, 81.4 and 56.68 wt%, respectively, while the lowest values were obtained on the surface of the parent ZrO2 catalyst, which are 43.9, 61.1 and 26.82, respectively. The kinetic model and apparent activation energies were also implemented for each of the hydroisomerization, hydrogenation/dehydrogenation, and hydrocracking reactions, which track the following order: hydroisomerization < hydrogenation/dehydrogenation < hydrocracking. The lowest apparent activation energy value of 123.39 kJ/mol was found on the surface of the most active and selective 0.5% Pt/SZrO2 nanocatalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Behavior of Sulfate-Treated Nanostructured Bifunctional Zirconium Oxide Catalysts in n-Heptane Hydroisomerization Reactions

Khalil,

Al-Zaidi,

Shakor

et al. 2023

ChemEngineering

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Enhanced Isomerization Performance of Unsupported Ni–Nb–O Catalyst for One-Step Hydrogenation of Jatropha Oil to Alkanes

Yin,

Han,

Meng

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Biolipids and oil hydrogenation are prominent alternatives to petroleum-based fuels. Currently, the catalysts used are limited to deoxidation activity, resulting in the reaction products with a high content of n-alkanes and waxes, necessitating secondary treatment to increase iso-alkane content. Herein, an unsupported Ni−Nb−O catalyst with trifunctional capabilities (i.e., hydrodeoxygenation, hydrocracking, and isomerization) was developed for the efficient conversion of methyl stearate and jatropha oil into small molecular alkanes. The metal ratio significantly affects the catalytic performance, in which Ni/Nb = 2:0.6 exhibited the highest isomerization activity. Moreover, 84% of the deoxidized products are C 8 −C 17 hydrocarbons, with 53.4% being isomeric hydrocarbons. The catalyst also demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining 54% selectivity for C 8 −C 17 iso-alkanes in jatropha oil feedstock during 240 h of operation.

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Hydroisomerization of Iraqi Light Naphtha Over the Prepared Pt/HY Catalyst to Produce High-Quality Fuel

Hasan,

Sukkar

2024

Pet. Chem.

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Bimetallic Catalysts for Isomerization of Alkanes (A Review)

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Behavior of Sulfate-Treated Nanostructured Bifunctional Zirconium Oxide Catalysts in n-Heptane Hydroisomerization Reactions

Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Behavior of Sulfate-Treated Nanostructured Bifunctional Zirconium Oxide Catalysts in n-Heptane Hydroisomerization Reactions

Enhanced Isomerization Performance of Unsupported Ni–Nb–O Catalyst for One-Step Hydrogenation of Jatropha Oil to Alkanes

Hydroisomerization of Iraqi Light Naphtha Over the Prepared Pt/HY Catalyst to Produce High-Quality Fuel

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