Bimetallic System for Nitrogen Fixation: Ruthenium-Assisted Protonation of Coordinated N
            <sub>2</sub>
            on Tungsten with H
            <sub>2</sub>

Nishibayashi, Yoshiaki; Iwai, Shotaro; Hidai, Masanobu

doi:10.1126/science.279.5350.540

Cited by 198 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Yields of ammonia depend heavily on the geometry and electronics of the tungsten complex and the acidity of the ruthenium hydride used, and the reaction is by no means catalytic; the second hydride remains on ruthenium and is not transferred to nitrogen. [92,93] The reaction of related tungsten complexes with sulfido-bridged dimolybdenum complexes under H 2 has been recently reported. [94] The bis(dinitrogen) complex trans-W(N 2 ) 2 (dppe) 2 4 is used with a large excess of the sulfido reagent and excess H 2 , low yields of ammonia can be detected.…”

Section: Formation Of N à H Bonds From Coordinated Dinitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Molecular Nitrogen: Coordination, Cleavage and Functionalization of N₂ Mediated By Metal Complexes

2003

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Section: Formation Of N à H Bonds From Coordinated Dinitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Molecular Nitrogen: Coordination, Cleavage and Functionalization of N₂ Mediated By Metal Complexes

2003

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“…[43] The ligating N 2 can be transformed into NH 3 2 ], and other products. [44] With the triamidoamine molybdenum complex 1, the first synthetic complex was found for the catalytic reduction of N 2 to NH 3 under mild conditions. This is remarkable since the mononuclear Mo complex is able to accommodate the p-accepting dinitrogen ligand as well as the s-donating ammonia ligand.…”

Section: Transition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Dinitrogen Activation at Bare Metal Atoms

Himmel¹,

Reiher²

2006

Angew Chem Int Ed

119

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There is ongoing interest in metal complexes which bind dinitrogen and facilitate either its reduction or oxidation under mild conditions. In nature, the enzyme nitrogenase catalyzes this process, and dinitrogen fixation occurs under mild and ambient conditions at a metal-sulfur cluster in the center of the MoFe protein, but the mechanism of this process remains largely unknown. In the last few years, new important discoveries have been made in this field. In this review are discussed recent findings on the interaction of N(2) with metal atoms and metal-atom dimers from all groups of the periodic table as provided by gas-phase as well as matrix-isolation experiments. Intrinsic dinitrogen activation at such bare metal atoms is then related to corresponding processes at complexes, clusters, and surfaces.

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“…Is a Cold Haber World possible? We believe yes, based on synthetic chemistry on Earth that can catalyze the breakage of each of the H 2 (Nishibayashi et al 1998) Figure 6. Theoretical IR thermal emission spectra of a super-Earth exoplanet with various levels of atmospheric N 2 O in a 1 bar atmosphere with a surface temperature of 290 K for a planet with 10 M ⊕ and 1.75 R ⊕ .…”

Section: Nh 3 As the Strongest Candidate Biosignature Gas In An H 2 Amentioning

confidence: 99%

BIOSIGNATURE GASES IN H₂-DOMINATED ATMOSPHERES ON ROCKY EXOPLANETS

Seager

Bains

2013

ApJ

160

201

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Super-Earth exoplanets are being discovered with increasing frequency and some will be able to retain stable H 2 -dominated atmospheres. We study biosignature gases on exoplanets with thin H 2 atmospheres and habitable surface temperatures, using a model atmosphere with photochemistry and a biomass estimate framework for evaluating the plausibility of a range of biosignature gas candidates. We find that photochemically produced H atoms are the most abundant reactive species in H 2 atmospheres. In atmospheres with high CO 2 levels, atomic O is the major destructive species for some molecules. In Sun-Earth-like UV radiation environments, H (and in some cases O) will rapidly destroy nearly all biosignature gases of interest. The lower UV fluxes from UV-quiet M stars would produce a lower concentration of H (or O) for the same scenario, enabling some biosignature gases to accumulate. The favorability of low-UV radiation environments to accumulate detectable biosignature gases in an H 2 atmosphere is closely analogous to the case of oxidized atmospheres, where photochemically produced OH is the major destructive species. Most potential biosignature gases, such as dimethylsulfide and CH 3 Cl, are therefore more favorable in low-UV, as compared with solar-like UV, environments. A few promising biosignature gas candidates, including NH 3 and N 2 O, are favorable even in solar-like UV environments, as these gases are destroyed directly by photolysis and not by H (or O). A more subtle finding is that most gases produced by life that are fully hydrogenated forms of an element, such as CH 4 and H 2 S, are not effective signs of life in an H 2 -rich atmosphere because the dominant atmospheric chemistry will generate such gases abiologically, through photochemistry or geochemistry. Suitable biosignature gases in H 2 -rich atmospheres for super-Earth exoplanets transiting M stars could potentially be detected in transmission spectra with the James Webb Space Telescope.

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Bimetallic System for Nitrogen Fixation: Ruthenium-Assisted Protonation of Coordinated N ₂ on Tungsten with H ₂

Cited by 198 publications

References 19 publications

Activation of Molecular Nitrogen: Coordination, Cleavage and Functionalization of N₂ Mediated By Metal Complexes

Activation of Molecular Nitrogen: Coordination, Cleavage and Functionalization of N₂ Mediated By Metal Complexes

Intrinsic Dinitrogen Activation at Bare Metal Atoms

BIOSIGNATURE GASES IN H₂-DOMINATED ATMOSPHERES ON ROCKY EXOPLANETS

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Bimetallic System for Nitrogen Fixation: Ruthenium-Assisted Protonation of Coordinated N 2 on Tungsten with H 2

Cited by 198 publications

References 19 publications

Activation of Molecular Nitrogen: Coordination, Cleavage and Functionalization of N2 Mediated By Metal Complexes

Activation of Molecular Nitrogen: Coordination, Cleavage and Functionalization of N2 Mediated By Metal Complexes

Intrinsic Dinitrogen Activation at Bare Metal Atoms

BIOSIGNATURE GASES IN H2-DOMINATED ATMOSPHERES ON ROCKY EXOPLANETS

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Product

Resources

About

Bimetallic System for Nitrogen Fixation: Ruthenium-Assisted Protonation of Coordinated N ₂ on Tungsten with H ₂

Activation of Molecular Nitrogen: Coordination, Cleavage and Functionalization of N₂ Mediated By Metal Complexes

Activation of Molecular Nitrogen: Coordination, Cleavage and Functionalization of N₂ Mediated By Metal Complexes

BIOSIGNATURE GASES IN H₂-DOMINATED ATMOSPHERES ON ROCKY EXOPLANETS