“…A Two-Stage Decoding Procedure: For practical applications, in order to reduce the complexity of Viterbi decoding (at the expense of an increased error coefficient or degradation in coding gain [3], [6]), suboptimal two-stage decoding (TSD) may be adopted. Coded bits are Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK)-modulated and transmitted over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.…”