2024
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62566-2
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Binary quantum random number generator based on value indefinite observables

Cristian S. Calude,
Karl Svozil

Abstract: All quantum random number generators based on measuring value indefinite observables are at least three-dimensional because the Kochen–Specker Theorem and the Located Kochen–Specker Theorem are false in dimension two. In this article, we construct quantum random number generators based on measuring a three-dimensional value indefinite observable that generates binary quantum random outputs with the same randomness qualities as the ternary ones: the outputs are maximally unpredictable.

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