Binary Synergistic Combinations of Lavender and Fennel Essential Oils with Amoxicillin

Karadağ, Ayşe Esra; Çaşkurlu, Ayşegül; Demırcı, Betül; Demirci, Fatih

doi:10.1055/a-1891-1119

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Consequently, the types of effects were classified as follows: ∑FIC ≤ 0.5 = synergism; ∑FIC ≥ 0.5 and ≤1 = additive effect; ∑FIC > 1 and <4 = indifferent effect; ∑FIC ≥ 4 = antagonism. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Transformation of Hesperidin and Biological Evaluation

Kırcı,

Demirci,

Demirci

2023

ACS Omega

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The main aim of the study was the biotransformation evaluation of hesperidin for functionalization by 25 different nonhuman pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, four metabolites were identified and characterized. The structure of pinocembrin and naringenin from the microbial transformation of hesperidin was determined initially with LC/MS–MS. The metabolites eriodictyol and hesperetin were isolated, and their molecular structure was determined by NMR and MS. Pinocembrin, eriodictyol, and naringenin were characterized as new hesperidin microbial transformation metabolites, to the best of our knowledge. In order to evaluate the bioactivity, in vitro 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and acute toxicity evaluations using the brine shrimp assay of hesperidin and its metabolites were performed comparatively. According to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity results, hesperetin metabolite was more active than naringenin and hesperidin. The antimicrobial activity of hesperetin and naringenin against the human pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus strain was relatively higher when compared with the substrate hesperidin. In line with this result, biofilm activity of hesperetin and naringenin against S. aureus with combination studies using biofilm formation methods was carried out. The checkerboard combination method was utilized for biofilm layering, also for the first time in the present study. As an initial result, it was observed that hesperidin and naringenin exerted a synergistic activity with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value of 1.063. Considering the bioactivity of hesperidin, hesperetin, and naringenin used as substrates are relatively nontoxic. The microbial and enzymatic biotransformation of natural products such as hesperetin and its new bioactive metabolites still have pharmacological potential, which needs further experimentation at the molecular level..

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Transformation of Hesperidin and Biological Evaluation

Kırcı,

Demirci,

Demirci

2023

ACS Omega

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“…There are several studies that reported the antimicrobial activity of hydrolates, among them peppermint and oregano [53,54,55], while for hop hydrolate previously is reported no antimicrobial activity [41]. On the other side, there are a lack of information about the antimicrobial potential of other investigated hydrolates (fennel, lavender, and lemon catmint), but for their essential oil it is reported [56,57]. Taking into account that hydrolates mainly contain less than 1% of essential oil, it is understandably less e ciency of hydrolates in comparison to essential oils [58] The comparative analysis of plant-based by-products against speci c microorganisms revealed distinct inhibitory pro le which can directed further investigation to de ne speci c concentrations as well as pharmacodynamic potential prior any use in the real conditions [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Hydrolates for use in the Production of Alfalfa Micro Sprouts: Sanitizers and Flavour Enhancers

Aćimović,

Samardžić,

Šovljanski

et al. 2024

Waste Biomass Valor

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Sprouted seeds and microgreens are emerging as innovative specialty raw salad crops, valued for their health-promoting properties. However, the risk of foodborne illnesses associated with microbial contamination in microgreens underscores the need for effective sanitization in their production. This study explores using hydrolates, by-products of essential oil distillation from six plants, as natural sanitizers in alfalfa microgreen production. The research investigates their impact on seed germination, antimicrobial activity, and sensory attributes. Results revealed that oregano, fennel, lavender, and lemon catmint hydrolates decrease alfalfa seed germination, while peppermint and hop hydrolates have no signi cant impact. Peppermint and fennel hydrolates demonstrate notable e cacy in antimicrobial testing. Sensory analysis indicates differences in odour and avour, with peppermint, oregano, and lavender receiving high scores. According to the results, peppermint hydrolate can be considered a favourable option for alfalfa micro sprout production, contributing to sustainable and organic approaches in urban agriculture and underlining the importance of natural sanitizers for food safety. Statement of NoveltyEssential oils are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industry, but hydrolates, their accompanying by-products, are usually discarded, or used in a small scale in the cosmetic industry. Research has con rmed that hydrolates possess a pleasant scent, mainly similar to the corresponding oils (rarely unpleasant scent, completely different from essential oil) and certain biological activities (antimicrobial, antioxidant, allelopathic, etc.). They have the potential to be used in organic agriculture, as well as in food processing. Bearing in mind the constant world trend of applying innovative classes of specialty raw salad crops, such as microsprouts and microgreens, the application of hydrolates can be of great importance in order to improve its taste and microbiological safety. HighlightsMicro sprouts are prevalentraw salad crops with functional properties Alfalfa sprouting was done in water or six selected hydrolates during 10 days Peppermint, oregano, fennel, hop, lavender and lemon catmint hydrolates were used All hydrolates except peppermint and fennel showed a dose-dependent sprouting inhibition Peppermint hydrolate showed the best antimicrobial and sensory potential across different microorganisms also highlight the importance of considering both the hydrolate source and microbial target in formulating effective growth suppressing strategies in micro sprouts and other food-related production [30]. ConclusionsIn light of the results from germination tests, evaluations of antimicrobial potential, and sensory analyses, peppermint hydrolate emerges as a promising option for cultivating alfalfa microgreens. The study underlines the considerable potential of peppermint hydrolate as a favourable choice for incorporation into the production of alfalfa microgreens, given its positive impact on germination, a...

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“…The effects of Protium heptaphyllum EO (PHEO) alone and in combination with antibiotics against polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were also analyzed [19]. A synergistic interaction was observed for EOs from Foeniculum vulgare and Lavandula angustifolia with amoxicillin against S. aureus, E. faecalis, Bacillus cereus, E. coli, and Salmonella typhi [20]. The combination of Citrus microcarpa oil and tetracycline exhibited a synergistic effect on growth and biofilm formation [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils from Southern Italian Aromatic Plants Synergize with Antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Cell Growth and Biofilm Formation

Sena,

De Rose,

Crudo

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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The spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has prompted the development of novel approaches to identify molecules that synergize with antibiotics to enhance their efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ten Essential Oils (EOs) on the activity of nine antibiotics in influencing growth and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The effects of the EOs alone and in combination with antibiotics on both bacterial growth and biofilm formation were analyzed by measuring the MIC values through the broth microdilution method and the crystal violet assay, respectively. All EOs inhibited the growth of E. coli (1.25 ≤ MIC ≤ 5 mg/mL) while the growth of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis was only affected by EOs from Origanum vulgare, (MIC = 5 mg/mL) and O. vulgare (MIC = 1.25 mg/mL) and Salvia rosmarinus (MIC = 5 mg/mL), respectively. In E. coli, most EOs induced a four- to sixteen-fold reduction in the MIC values of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and streptomycin, while in E. faecalis such a reduction is observed in combinations of ciprofloxacin with C. nepeta, C. bergamia, C. limon, C. reticulata, and F. vulgare, of gentamicin with O. vulgare, and of tetracycline with C. limon and O. vulgare. A smaller effect was observed in P. aeruginosa, in which only C. bergamia reduced the concentration of tetracycline four-fold. EO-antibiotic combinations also inhibit the biofilm formation. More precisely, all EOs with ciprofloxacin in E. coli, tetracycline in P. aeruginosa, and gentamicin in E. faecalis showed the highest percentage of inhibition. Combinations induce up- and down-methylation of cytosines and adenines compared to EO or antibiotics alone. The study provides evidence about the role of EOs in enhancing the action of antibiotics by influencing key processes involved in resistance mechanisms such as biofilm formation and epigenetic changes. Synergistic interactions should be effectively considered in dealing with pathogenic microorganisms.

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Binary Synergistic Combinations of Lavender and Fennel Essential Oils with Amoxicillin

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Microbial Transformation of Hesperidin and Biological Evaluation

Microbial Transformation of Hesperidin and Biological Evaluation

The Potential of Hydrolates for use in the Production of Alfalfa Micro Sprouts: Sanitizers and Flavour Enhancers

Essential Oils from Southern Italian Aromatic Plants Synergize with Antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Cell Growth and Biofilm Formation

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