Binding Expedient of 2‐carbamido‐1,3‐indandione to Nucleic Acids: Potential Fluorescent Probe

Abstract

Fluorescent and computational methods were used to elucidate the binding expedient of 2‐carbamido‐1,3‐indandione (CAID) tautomers to nucleotides. The dependence of the fluorescence emission of CAID loaded nucleic acids sequences to compound concentration, temperature and time variation was investigated. It was found that the subject compound binds to nucleic acids but does not intercalate. According to our quantum‐chemical calculations on the conjugation between CAID and nucleotides, the binding in the formed complexes may be through hydrogen bonds. Two possible types of complexes were considered—CAID to the phosphate group and CAID to the nucleobase. To estimate the binding affinity, the interaction energies of the formed complexes were calculated. Tautomer 2‐carboamide‐1‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐indane is preferred in the formation of complexes, and the phosphate group complexes were more stable. Generally, the guanosine and deoxyguanosine monophosphate complexes were the most preferred regardless of the complex type. Because of the lack of cytotoxic effect on untransformed cell lines of mouse embryo fibroblasts Balb/c 3T3 according to our previous report (Markova et al, (2017) Bulg Chem Commun, 49D, 221–226) and the affinity to nucleic acids, we can suggest that the subject compound could be suitable to be used as a novel type of fluorescent biomarker.

Effect of external electric field on the tautomeric equilibrium and structure of 2‐carbamido‐1,3‐indandione

“…Because of strong absorption in the UVA and UVB spectral region and its relatively high photostability CAID is suitable for sunscreen and as fluorescent molecular probe for investigation of different biomolecules [17]. In addition, we have shown that CAID possesses high binding affinity to DNA and RNA molecules [18], which appear to change the tautomeric equilibrium.…”