Binding of circulating anti-MUC1 antibody and serum MUC1 antigen in stage IV breast cancer

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the binding of circulating mucin 1 (MUC1) antibody with serum MUC1 antigen in stage IV breast cancer. Serum samples of 61 patients with stage IV breast cancer and 64 patients with early-stage breast cancer were collected. The anti‑MUC1 antibody (IgG) and MUC1 antigen (cancer antigen 15‑3; Ca15‑3) were detected using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I‑ELISA) and ELISA, respectively. The MUC1 IgG affinity was detected using a urea degradation combining ELISA. Western blot analysis and an inhibition test were performed for verification of the binding of anti‑MUC1 IgG with MUC1 antigen, and their correlation was analyzed. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between anti‑MUC1 IgG and CA15‑3 antigen in stage IV breast cancer when positive CA15‑3 antigen and/or anti‑MUC1 IgG were selected (r=‑0.417; P=0.0044). The positive anti‑MUC1 IgG with positive Ca15‑3 antigen was more common in stage IV breast cancer, compared with early‑stage breast cancer (χ2=4.629; P=0.031), however, Ca15‑3 antigen positivity was higher in stage IV breast cancer, compared with early‑stage breast cancer (χ2=10.58; P=0.001). Anti‑MUC1 IgG was able to bind to the MUC1 antigen in stage IV breast cancer. No differences in the 8R-MUCPT inhibition ratio were found between the two groups (P=0.778), and there were no differences in the affinity of anti‑MUC1 IgG (P=0.873). In stage IV breast cancer, circulating anti‑MUC1 antibody was found to bind serum MUC1 antigen, although their compatibility was low. No significant difference was found in the affinity of the anti‑MUC1 antibody between stage IV breast cancer and early‑stage breast cancer.

Clinical trial-identified inflammatory biomarkers in breast and pancreatic cancers

“…The most common CD molecules mentioned in the publications included in this review of breast and pancreatic cancers were CD4 and CD8, in the context of treatment ( 53 , 55 , 91 ); while others such as CD19 and CD16 were also assessed in several studies, both for treatment as well ( 85 ). In addition, CA15-3, Type 1 T helper cells (Th1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and VEGF were also used in more than three studies for breast cancer for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment ( 30 , 33 , 51 , 54 , 59 , 61 , 63 , 66 , 78 , 79 ). Other biomarkers like insulin, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), transforming growth factor β 1(TGF-β1), and Treg-like molecule (Treg: Regulatory T cells) were also discussed in some of our reviewed publications, regarding their relevance primarily to breast cancer treatment ( 75 , 76 , 80 , 83 , 84 , 88 , 90 ).…”

“…Four studies here, also measured changes of CA15-3 among all the included breast cancer articles in this review. In a study analyzing serum samples in 61 patients with stage IV breast cancer and 64 patients with early-stage breast cancer, researchers found a higher CA15-3 positivity level in stage IV breast cancer patients than in early-stage patients, which clearly showed that CA15-3 could reflect the progression of breast cancer ( 30 ). For treatment, Liang et.…”

Preclinical Advances in Theranostics for the Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

“…High expression of MUC1 has also been found to be associated with metastases and poor survival (Kim et al, 2020, McGuckin et al, 1995, and MUC1 has been reported to contribute to immune escape in TNBC, indicating that MUC1 is a potential immunotherapeutic target for TNBC (Maeda et al, 2018). Several clinical trials targeting MUC1 are ongoing in breast cancer patients (Apostolopoulos et al, 2006;Ibrahim et al, 2011, Tang et al, 2017. Therefore, MUC1 is recognized as a promising marker for theranostics of breast cancer and has been targeted for imaging agent development.…”

The Use of Fluoroproline in MUC1 Antigen Enables Efficient Detection of Antibodies in Patients with Prostate Cancer

“…In addition, over the years, several studies have demonstrated that circulating anti-MUC1 antibodies in serum may be used as a favorable prognosis for patients with early breast and pancreatic cancer because these antibodies can limit tumor outgrowth and dissemination. − Consequently, efforts have been devoted toward the rational design of MUC1-based antigens to be used as diagnostic tools for detection of anti-MUC1 antibodies in human serum. Unfortunately, so far, a commercial assay for early cancer diagnosis based on the detection of anti-MUC1 antibodies in human serum remains unavailable.…”