Binding of the Dual-Action Anti-Parkinsonian Drug AG-0029 to Dopamine D₂ and Histamine H₃ Receptors: A PET Study in Healthy Rats

Abstract

Introduction : Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction and a diverse range of nonmotor symptoms. Functional relationships between the dopaminergic and histaminergic systems suggest that dual-action pharmaceuticals like AG-0029 (D 2 /D 3 agonist/H 3 antagonist) could ameliorate both the motor and cognitive symptoms of PD. The current study aimed to demonstrate the interaction of AG-0029 with its intended targets in the mammalian brain using positron emission tomography (PET). Methods : Healthy male Wistar rats were scanned with a small-animal PET camera, using either the dopamine D 2 /D 3 receptor ligand [ 11 C]raclopride or the histamine H 3 receptor ligand [ 11 C]GSK-189254, before and after treatment with an intravenous, acute, single dose of AG-0029. Dynamic [ 11 C]raclopride PET data (60 min duration) were analyzed using the simplified reference tissue model 2 (SRTM2) with cerebellum as reference tissue and the nondisplaceable binding potential as the outcome parameter. Data from dynamic [ 11 C]GSK-189254 scans (60 min duration) with arterial blood sampling were analyzed using Logan graphical analysis with the volume of distribution ( V T ) as the outcome parameter. Receptor occupancy was estimated using a Lassen plot. Results : Dopamine D 2/3 receptor occupancies in the striatum were 22.6 ± 18.0 and 84.0 ± 3.5% (mean ± SD) after administration of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg AG-0029, respectively. In several brain regions, the V T values of [ 11 C]GSK-189254 were significantly reduced after pretreatment of rats with 1 or 10 mg/kg AG-0029. The H 3 receptor occupancies were 11.9 ± 8.5 and 40.3 ± 11.3% for the 1 and 10 mg/kg doses of AG-0029, respectively. Conclusions : Target engagement of AG-0029 as an agonist at dopamine D 2 /D 3 receptors and an antagonist at histamine H 3 receptors could be demonstrated in the rat brain with [ 11 C]raclopride and [ 11 C]GSK-189254 PET, respectively. The measured occupancy values reflect the previously reported high (subnanomolar) affinity of AG-0029 to D 2 /D 3 and moderate (submicromolar) affinity to H 3 receptors.