Binding of zinc and calcium to inositol phosphates (phytate) in vitro

Simpson, C J; Wise, Alan

doi:10.1079/bjn19900024

Cited by 64 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the present trial, the Zn-to-phytate molar ratio was calculated to be 2 : 1 or 4 : 1 in the diets of pigs fed 1750 or 3500 mg/kg supplemental Zn, respectively. Therefore, similar to previously published in vitro trials (Champagne et al, 1990;Simpson and Wise, 1990), Zn and phytate precipitation may have occurred more readily in pigs fed 3500 mg/kg supplemental Zn than those fed 1750 mg/kg supplemental Zn. This precipitation would result in reduced phytate hydrolysis and decreased mineral digestibility, specifically of Ca and P.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Augspurger et al (2004) reported a 30% reduction in microbial phytase efficacy when supplemental ZnO or ZnCl was included at 1500 mg/kg in diets fed to 7-kg pigs. Zn has an affinity to phytate; however, the binding of Zn to phytate appears to be dependent on the molar concentrations of Zn and Ca relative to the molar concentration of phytate and the pH of the solution (Champagne and Phillippy, 1989;Champagne et al, 1990;Gifford and Clydesdale, 1990;Simpson and Wise, 1990). In the present trial, the Zn-to-phytate molar ratio was calculated to be 2 : 1 or 4 : 1 in the diets of pigs fed 1750 or 3500 mg/kg supplemental Zn, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the effects of pharmacological zinc oxide and phosphorus source on weaned piglet growth performance, plasma minerals and mineral digestibility

Walk

Wilcock

Magowan

2015

Animal

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Crossbred pigs (n = 720; average age = 28 ± 3 days and weight = 9.5 ± 0.3 kg) were used in a 20-day trial in order to determine the influence of phosphorus (P) source and various doses of pharmacological zinc (Zn) on growth performance, plasma minerals and mineral digestibility. Pigs (five intact males and five females per pen) were randomly allotted to treatments in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three sources of dietary P (4.5 g/kg digestible P, 4.5 g/kg digestible P plus 2500 phytase units (FTU)/kg, or 5.5 g/kg digestible P) and three dietary levels of supplemental Zn (0, 1750 or 3500 mg/kg) from ZnO (82% Zn) with eight pens per treatment. Diets were formulated to exceed all nutrient requirements, including calcium (Ca), P and Zn from day 0 to 20. Zn supplementation increased (quadratic P < 0.05) average daily feed intake. There was a significant Zn level × P source interaction on average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Pigs fed 4.5 g/kg digestible P without or with 2500 FTU/kg phytase gained more per day (quadratic P < 0.05) and had better FCR (quadratic P < 0.05) when they were fed 1750 mg/kg supplemental Zn. However, pigs fed 5.5 g/kg digestible P gained more per day (linear P < 0.05) and were more efficient (linear P < 0.05) when they were fed 3500 mg/kg supplemental Zn. Plasma Zn and Zn digestibility increased (linear P < 0.05) as pharmacological Zn supplementation increased from 0 to 3500 mg/kg, irrespective of P source. However, Ca, P, sodium (Na), potassium (K) and copper (Cu) digestibility were reduced ( P < 0.05) as pharmacological Zn supplementation increased, and this was mitigated or exacerbated by the supplementation of 5.5 g/kg digestible P or phytase. In conclusion, increasing the dietary inclusion of pharmacological Zn may impact growth performance in young pigs through the interaction with minerals such as Ca, P, Na and K. Pharmacological Zn may reduce Na or K digestibility and indirectly reduce water secretion into the lumen, resulting in an increase in faecal dry matter as pharmacological Zn supplementation in the diet increased.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effects of pharmacological zinc oxide and phosphorus source on weaned piglet growth performance, plasma minerals and mineral digestibility

Walk

Wilcock

Magowan

2015

Animal

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“…Most of the maize GCs rich in Zn also possess high values of Ca. As Zn is also bound to Ca-phytin precipitate in vitro (Simpson and Wise, 1990), it is possible that the relations among Zn, Ca and phytic acid could be very similar both in vivo and in vitro.…”

Section: Results Of Our Edx Analyses Of Scutellarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Protein Bodies and Elemental Composition of Phytin from Dry Germ of Maize (Zea mays L.)

1992

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Protein bodies (PBs) from the epidermis and cortex of the radicle, as well as from coleorhizal and scutellar parenchyma of dry maize seeds were studied with the emphasis on presence and elemental composition of globoid crystals. PBs with variable structure were found in investigated tissues. Radicular epidermis was the only investigated tissue containing structurally uniform populations of PBs. They were filled by a homogeneous matrix without globoid crystals or their remnants. PBs structure and amount of proteinaceous matrix varied in the same cell of coleorhiza and scutellum. In the case of radicular cortex, the structure of PBs differed between analyzed individuals. Globoid crystals of various sizes were found in PBs from scutellum, coleorhiza, and from inner layers of radicular cortex. The largest globoid crystals (up to 2.0 μ in diameter) were seen in the scutellum. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis revealed the presence of P,K. Mg, and some traces of Fe and Zn in the majority of globoid crystals from the scutellum. Globoid crystals from coleorhiza and radicular cortex were rich in Zn and Ca. The presence of considerable Zn was usually accompanied by high Ca, at the expense of K and Mg. As EDX analyses revealed significant differences in Zn and Zn/P values between analyzed tissues, it is probable that the majority of Zn is preferably accumulated in globoid crystals of some tissues of maize germ.

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“…High dietary Ca has been implicated in reduced phytase efficacy (Ballam et al, 1984;Tamim and Angel, 2003;Tamim et al, 2004), reduced animal performance (Sebastian et al, 1996;Powell et al, 2011), increased gastrointestinal pH (Guinotte et al, 1995), and interference with macromineral absorption (Hurwitz et al, 1978;Simpson and Wise, 1990). Therefore, reducing dietary Ca and removing Ca chelators, such as phytate, by supplementing high levels of dietary phytase may improve the bird's utilization efficiency of dietary Ca and P. Reductions in dietary Ca may also indirectly improve amino acid (AA) utilization via a reduction in gastric pH and improved pepsin efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of limestone and phytase on broiler performance, gastrointestinal pH, and apparent ileal nutrient digestibility

2012

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An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of 2 levels of dietary Ca from limestone and 3 levels of phytase on broiler performance, bone ash, gastrointestinal pH, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca, P, and amino acids. Cobb 500 broilers (n = 576) were allowed access to one of 6 corn-soy diets from 0 to 16 d. Experimental diets contained 1.03% or 0.64% Ca from limestone and 0.61% total P. Each diet was supplemented with 0, 500, or 5,000 FTU/kg of phytase to create a 2 × 3 factorial experiment. Broiler feed intake (FI) and BW gain were not affected by dietary Ca or phytase. Feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) as dietary phytase increased (1.36, 1.34, and 1.31, respectively). Tibia ash percent was reduced (P < 0.05) from 41.4 to 40.0% as dietary Ca decreased but increased with phytase addition (P < 0.05). Gizzard and ileal pH were reduced (P < 0.05) in broilers fed 0.64% Ca compared with broilers fed 1.03% Ca. Phytase at 5,000 FTU/kg increased (P < 0.05) pH in the gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Apparent ileal P digestibility was increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed 0.64% Ca compared with broilers fed 1.03% Ca (0.68 vs. 0.73, respectively). Apparent ileal Ca digestibility was increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed 1.03% Ca compared with broilers fed 0.64% Ca (0.67 vs. 0.53, respectively). Phytase improved AID of CP in broilers fed 1.0% Ca but did not have an effect on AID of CP in broilers fed 0.64% Ca, which resulted in a Ca × phytase interaction (P < 0.05). In conclusion, high dietary Ca increased pH in gizzard and ileum and interfered with the AID of P and CP. The interactions between Ca and phytase in the gastrointestinal tract are complex, and feeding phytase at doses above industry recommendations may allow for reduced-Ca diets while maintaining broiler performance, bone ash, and improving amino acid digestibility.

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Binding of zinc and calcium to inositol phosphates (phytate) in vitro

Cited by 64 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of the effects of pharmacological zinc oxide and phosphorus source on weaned piglet growth performance, plasma minerals and mineral digestibility

Evaluation of the effects of pharmacological zinc oxide and phosphorus source on weaned piglet growth performance, plasma minerals and mineral digestibility

Structure of Protein Bodies and Elemental Composition of Phytin from Dry Germ of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Influence of limestone and phytase on broiler performance, gastrointestinal pH, and apparent ileal nutrient digestibility

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