“…Binding constant estimation by ACE is usually achieved by following the change in the electrophoretic mobility of an injected analyte ligand when the interacting molecule is added to the running buffer. Different equations were established for calculating binding constants based on the change in electrophoretic mobility of injected analytes upon complexation . Thus, ACE was successfully applied to study interactions including protein–drug, protein–metal ion, protein–DNA, peptide–carbohydrate, peptide–peptide, DNA–dye, carbohydrate–drug, and antigen–antibody interactions .…”