Binge Drinking of Ethanol during Adolescence Induces Oxidative Damage and Morphological Changes in Salivary Glands of Female Rats

Abstract

This study investigates morphological and biochemistry effects of binge ethanol consumption in parotid (PG) and submandibular (SG) salivary glands of rats from adolescence to adulthood. Female Wistar rats (n = 26) received ethanol at 3 g/kg/day (20% w/v) for 3 consecutive days/week from the 35th until the 62nd day of life. Animals were treated in two periods: 1 week (G1) and 4 weeks (G2), with a control (treated with distilled water) and an ethanol group to each period. In morphological analysis, morphometric and immunohistochemistry evaluation for smooth muscle actin (αSMA), cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), and vimentin (VIM) were made. Biochemical changes were analyzed by concentration of nitrites and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). The difference between groups in each analysis was evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test or Student's t-test (p ≤ 0.05). PG showed, at one week of ethanol exposure, lower CK-18 and α-SMA expression, as well as MDA levels. After four weeks, lower CK-18 and higher MDA levels were observed in PG exposed to ethanol, in comparison to control group. SG showed lower α-SMA expression after 1 and 4 weeks of ethanol exposure as well as higher MDA levels after 1 week. Ethanol binge consumption during adolescence promotes tissue and biochemical changes with only one-week binge in acinar and myoepithelial PG cells.

Repeated Cycles of Binge‐Like Ethanol Intake in Adolescent Female Rats Induce Motor Function Impairment and Oxidative Damage in Motor Cortex and Liver, but Not in Blood

“…Levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver and motor cortex samples was evaluated by a method based on the reaction between MDA and N-methyl-2-phenylindole [ 49 ], expressed as moles of MDA per milligram of protein. An aliquot of homogenate was centrifuged at 2500 ×g for 30 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was used for the reaction with N-methyl-phenyl indole (NMFI) and methane sulfonic acid at 45°C, during 40 min, yielding a stable chromophore measured at 570 nm wavelength and compared with the standard curve of MDA and corrected with the protein concentration of each sample [ 8 , 12 ].…”

“…The absorbance was measured at 570 nm and compared to standard solutions of bovine serum albumin. Results were used for the correction of MDA and nitrite concentrations [ 8 , 12 ].…”

Oxidative Biochemistry Disbalance and Changes on Proteomic Profile in Salivary Glands of Rats Induced by Chronic Exposure to Methylmercury

“…The remaining homogenate was centrifuged at 21.000 g for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was used to perform the assays. The concentration of nitrite was determined following the protocol previously adapted by Fagundes et al [ 21 ], which is based on a reaction with Griess reagent (0.1% N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediaminedihydrochloride; 1% sulfanilamide in 5% phosphoric acid; 1 : 1) proceeding the absorbance measurement on a spectrophotometer at 550 nm, and compared to standard solutions of sodium nitrite.…”

“…The level of LPO was established by measurement of malonaldehyde (MDA) levels based on Esterbauer and Cheeseman [ 22 ] method adapted by Fagundes et al [ 21 ]. An aliquot of the supernatant was processed as described by the Bioxytech LPO-568 kit (Cayman Chemical).…”

Neurodegeneration and Glial Response after Acute Striatal Stroke: Histological Basis for Neuroprotective Studies

“…After image segmentation, area values ( μ m) and percentual fraction of DAB staining on sections were measured [48, 49]. We evaluated 5 sections/animal ( N = 5 animals per group).…”