Binge-eating and sodium bicarbonate: a potent combination for gastric rupture in adults—two case reports and a review of literature

Abstract

Background Disordered eating behaviour including binge-eating often results in significant medical conditions, which are at times fatal. It can result in acute gastric dilatation which can lead to ischemic necrosis and stomach rupture. Dyspepsia and bloating are common symptoms following binge eating. Patients commonly use over-the-counter medications like sodium bicarbonate or home remedies for relief. However, in very rare, reported cases, sodium bicarbonate has been attributed to cause acute gastric dilatation and spontaneous gastric rupture instead. Methods We report two cases of spontaneous gastric rupture following consumption of sodium bicarbonate containing antacids after a large meal, and a review of the literature of similar cases. Results A total of 36 cases were identified. Approximately half of the cases (47.2%) were correlated with eating disorders, with higher prevalence in females (69%) and a very high mortality rate (41.6%). Amongst the 36 cases, sodium bicarbonate ingestion was associated with 10 cases. The lesser curvature (36.1%) and anterior wall (33.3%) are the most common sites of rupture. Associated causes include binge-eating, gas release from sodium bicarbonate, gastric content fermentation, proximal and distal outlet obstruction, and muscular atony. Discussion Sudden distension and impaired emptying mechanism of the stomach is necessary for spontaneous gastric rupture to occur. Acute gastric dilatation with perforation requires definitive surgical management. There should be a low threshold of suspicion for patients presenting with severe abdominal pain and abdominal distension following an episode of binge-eating. There is a need for patient education around the use of over-the-counter medications or home remedies.

Gastric rupture caused by intragastric perforation of splenic artery aneurysm: a case report and literature review

“…Gastric rupture has been reported to be caused by trauma injuries [14][15][16]; binge-eating [17][18][19][20][21][22]; intake of excessive sodium bicarbonate [23,24] in psychiatric patients, obstruction of the intestinal tract (e.g., superior mesenteric artery syndrome) [25][26][27][28][29]; and iatrogenic causes such as bag-mask ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and esophageal intubation [30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The most likely location of rupture is the lesser curvature, followed by the anterior wall.…”

“…The most likely location of rupture is the lesser curvature, followed by the anterior wall. The lesser curvature is susceptible to rupture because of the weak gastric wall with few mucosal folds and poor mobility afforded by the hepatogastric ligament [23,32]. Gastric dilation is commonly caused by the atony of gastric wall, acute gastric dilation, and mechanical obstruction such as superior mesenteric artery syndrome, resulting in gastric rupture by ischemic necrosis of the gastric wall [22,25,26,37].…”