Binocular treatment in adult amblyopia is based on parvocellular or magnocellular pathway

Abstract

<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction:</jats:title><jats:p> Amblyopia is speculated to be an untreatable disease in the patient, who is beyond the critical period of vision; however, currently, it is treatable in adults. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:</jats:title><jats:p> This study aimed to elucidate whether the treatment is useful in both anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia. In addition, the differences were detected between anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia after the same perceptual treatment and whether the suppression in anisometropic amblyopia or strabismic amblyopia could be decreased before and after the treatment. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p> A binocular perceptual learning was applied for the treatment, the suppression was measured, and the patients were followed up for 2 months after training. Anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia groups were subjected to the assessment of stereo, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and suppression before and after the training. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> After 6 weeks of “Diploma Gabor Orientation Coherence” training, in the anisometropic amblyopia group, the outcomes of visual acuity (t = 3.114, p = 0.026) and contrast sensitivity (t = 7.786, p = 0.001) were increased significantly. While in the strabismic amblyopia group, the outcomes of stereo (t = 2.987, p = 0.040) and contrast sensitivity (t = 3.638, p = 0.022) were increased significantly. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title><jats:p> After Diploma Gabor Orientation Coherence training in the same frequency and in the same duration, the anisometropic amblyopia group got an improvement in visual acuity, but the strabismic amblyopia group got an improvement in stereo. As there are evidences to show that anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia were injured in different pathways, we think the diverse results might come from the different pathway injury in anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia. </jats:p></jats:sec>

Analysis of Optic Nerve in Adults With Amblyopia Using OCTA

“…In the treatment of amblyopia, the appropriate application of drugs to improve microcirculation and vasodilator may contribute to the improvement of visual acuity, which needs further research and exploration. In adulthood, treatment of amblyopia has long been widely known to be impossible; however, it has been recently shown that amblyopia can be treated with the aid of some special binocular perceptual learning programs, such as “Diploma Gabor Orientation Coherence Training” ( 17 ). For adult patients with amblyopia, it is worthy of clinical study whether giving appropriate drugs to dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation will still improve vision.…”

Binokulares Sehtraining bei Hochleistungssportlern

“…Dadurch können die Sehschärfe am amblyopen Auge, die Stereosehfähigkeit und die Erkennungsgeschwindigkeit verbessert werden [15]. Patienten mit Strabismus und Amblyopie profitieren auch von einem Sehtraining hinsichtlich Stereo-und Kontrastsehfähigkeit [16]. In der Presbyopietherapie konnte durch ein Wahrnehmungstraining mit niedrigen Kontrast-Gabor-Stimuli eine Verbesserung der Stereosehschärfe und visuellen Kognitionszeit erreicht werden [17].…”

Paediatric Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis – The VEKTIS Study

“…8 Adults' visual systems have been found to demonstrate plasticity and may, therefore, benefit from treatment aiming to decrease suppression and to restore binocular functions. 9 This change in our perceptions has caused an increased interest in the binocular treatment of amblyopia, as amblyopes' monocularity is now regarded as functional and not as structural. Perceptual learning and dichoptic training are the principle focus of current research, with some early evidence of positive results.…”