“…The eggshell membrane (ESM) serves as a bio-template, reducing, and stabilizing agents while containing various collagen proteins such as amino acid types-I, V, and X along with glycine, alanine, and uronic acid. ESM also contains functional groups of amino, carboxyl, carbonyl, and aldehydes [30]. There exists few literatures for the synthesis of metal, its oxides and nanocomposites using ESM which include SnO 2 [30], β-NiMoO 4 [31], gold nanoparticles [32,33], SnO 2 [34], Co 3 O 4 [35], copper-containing bioactive glass/ ESM nanocomposite [36], Ag nanoparticles [37], CeO 2 [38], MnO 2 [39], TiO 2 [40], ZnO [41] and α-Fe 2 O 3 [42].…”