Bio-antimutagenic effect of lactones on chemical mutagenesis in Escherichia coli.

Kuroda, Miyuki; Yoshida, Daisuke; Mizusaki, Shigenobu

doi:10.1271/bbb1961.50.243

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In a study on the antimutagenic activity of lactones in Escherichia coli, D-glucurono-γ-lactone was reported to be not mutagenic to E. coli strains WP2 and WPs (Kuroda et al, 1986). …”

Section: Mutagenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone as constituents of the so-called “energy” drinks

2009

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYFollowing a request from the Commission, the Scientific Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) has been asked to evaluate the safety-in-use of taurine and D-glucurono-γ-lactone as constituents of the so-called "energy" drinks.In the present opinion the Panel evaluates the safety of taurine and D-glucurono-γ-lactone as individual ingredients of so-called "energy" drinks based on the new studies provided by the petitioner.The Panel does not evaluate the safety of "energy" drinks as such.Taurine and D-glucurono-γ-lactone are constituents of the so-called "energy" drinks, but they also occur at much lower levels as natural ingredients in food, and they are also normal human metabolites. Previous Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) Opinions have summarized safety studies of taurine and D-glucurono-γ-lactone, but the safety-in-use of these The use of taurine and D-glucurono-γ-lactone as constituents of the so-called "energy" drinksThe EFSA Journal (2009) 935, 2-31 two ingredients at the levels of exposure expected from their use in "energy" drinks could not be established at that time.In the absence of new chronic and acute exposure data, the exposures used in this opinion are based on the data reported by the SCF in 2003, i.e. a daily mean chronic consumption of 0.5 cans per person and a high chronic exposure at the 95 th percentile of 1.4 cans per regular consumer. The Panel notes that actual exposure data on "energy" drink consumption, especially for adolescents and young adults, may need to be collected. Based on the assumption that a can contains 250 mL and 4000 mg/L taurine and 2400 mg/L D-glucurono-γ-lactone, the SCF calculated that these values result in a mean daily exposure to 500 mg taurine (8.3 mg taurine/kg bw/day for a 60 kg person) and 300 mg D-glucurono-γ-lactone (5.0 mg D-glucurono-γ-lactone/kg bw/day for a 60 kg person). The 95 th percentile exposure of regular users would amount to 1400 mg taurine/day (23.3 mg/kg bw/day for a 60 kg person) and 840 mg D-glucurono-γ-lactone /day (14 mg/kg bw/day for a 60 kg person).If it is assumed that this amount of chronic consumption is relevant to occasional exposure of children of 25 kg body weight, then their exposure (on a body weight basis) would be about 2.5 times higher than that for adults (60-65 kg body weight). It must be emphasized that these estimates relate to chronic exposures by average and high consuming adults, and would not reflect the occasional and sporadic exposure that might occur in children. If the frequency of exposure for children would be 2.5 times lower than for adults, then the average chronic exposure for children, on a body weight basis, would be the same as for adults. If children were to consume the adult intake of 0.5 and 1.4 cans per person only once per week, then the average chronic exposure to "energy" drinks and their constituents for children, on a body weight basis, would be one third of that for adults.These estimates for the daily exposure to taurine and D-glucurono-γ-lactone from "energy"...

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“…In a study on the antimutagenic activity of lactones in Escherichia coli, D-glucurono-γ-lactone was reported to be not mutagenic to E. coli strains WP2 and WPs (Kuroda et al, 1986). …”

Section: Mutagenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone as constituents of the so-called “energy” drinks

2009

EFSA Journal

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“…(Kuroda et al, 1986) Review, data cannot be validated. (Hoflack et al, 1995) Positive with TA97a, but not reproduced in study specifically addressing this finding (Gollapudi et al, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alc

Flavourings¹

2010

EFSA Journal

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Suggested citation: EFSA ; Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (2009 The Panel concluded that the six substances in the JECFA flavouring group are structurally related to the group of aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in the Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE.10Rev1).The Panel agrees with the application of the Procedure as performed by the JECFA for all six substances. So, for the six named compounds there is no safety concern at the estimated level of intake as flavouring substance based on the MSDI approach.For five substances, use levels have been provided by the Industry 06.087, 06.089, 09.632 and 09.919]. The mTAMDI figures calculated for the five substances are above the threshold of concern for their structural classes. For these substances more reliable data are needed. On the basis on such data the flavouring substances should be reconsidered using the Procedure. For the remaining substance .090] use levels are needed to calculate the mTAMDI in order to identify if more refined exposure assessment is needed to finalise the evaluation.In order to determine whether the conclusion for the six JECFA evaluated substances can be applied to the materials of commerce, it is necessary to consider the available specifications. Adequate specifications are available for one of the six materials of commerce. For the remaining five substances For the remaining substance .090] the Panel agrees with the JECFA conclusion "No safety concern at estimated level of intake as flavouring substance" based on the MSDI approach.

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“…Rat 25 mg/ml (25000 µg/ml) Positive (Fey et al, 1981) No genetic endpoint (displacement of polysomes from ER (Kuroda et al, 1986) Review, data cannot be validated. (Uhde, 2004a) Test performed both in the incorporation and preincubation assays.…”

Section: Degranulation Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 98 (FGE.98): Consideration of three ring‐unsaturated delta‐lactones

Flavourings¹

2011

EFS2

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ABSTRACTth meeting in 1997. The JECFA considered that further information on the metabolism of these three substances was required and that they should be evaluated together with other substances containing alpha,beta-unsaturation and that, therefore, their evaluation should be deferred. However, the EFSA Panel has considered that these three JECFA evaluated aliphatic lactones can be hydrolysed and metabolised to innocuous products in line with the aliphatic lactones evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev2. The substances were evaluated through a stepwise approach that integrates information on structure-activity relationships, intake from current uses, toxicological threshold of concern, and available data on metabolism and toxicity. The Panel concluded that all three substances do not give rise to safety concern at their levels of dietary intake, estimated on the basis of the MSDI approach.

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Bio-antimutagenic effect of lactones on chemical mutagenesis in Escherichia coli.

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The use of taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone as constituents of the so-called “energy” drinks

The use of taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone as constituents of the so-called “energy” drinks

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alc

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 98 (FGE.98): Consideration of three ring‐unsaturated delta‐lactones

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